dental 1.3 dental Requirements

Question 1

what is dental materials

Answer 1

substance /s specially prepared for the use of an authorized person in the practice of dentistry and related procedures

Question 2

requirements of dental materials

Answer 2

knowing dental materials is safe in patients
material can withstand forces of mastication
must be biocompatible or Bioacceptable

Question 3

what is biomaterial

Answer 3

material designed to be implanted for the repair or replacement of damaged tissue,
it interacts with tissues producing changes in both the material and surrounding tissues,
must be biocompatible

Question 4

checks required for new products

Answer 4

must be presented to gov agencies 
don't have adhesive effects
materials history
chemical composition
test for biocompatibleility
see if it has a temp or long term contact with body

Question 5

check for recycled drugs

Answer 5

new ver of old drugs are checked with FDA (federal drug admin)- requires less testing

Question 6

what is biocompatibility

Answer 6

quality of being Accepted in a specific living environment without adverse side effects

Question 7

what influences biocompatibility

Answer 7

interactions between materials and body e.g PH, application of force
depends on composition, location and interaction with oral cavity

Question 8

what is Bioacceptability

Answer 8

quality of which is Tolerable in living environment in spite of some adverse side effects

Question 9

aims for biocompatibility

Answer 9

no toxins in cells or allergic reactions

Question 10

division of exposure to toxins

Answer 10

acute- under 24 hours
subacute- repeated 1 month or less
subchronic- 1 to 3 months
chronic longer than 3 months

Question 11

when did the ADA establish the guidelines for dental materials

Answer 11

1926

Question 12

in 1972

Answer 12

ADA council of scientific affairs approved of specification no 41

Question 13

what is The Index of Federal Specifications and Standards

Answer 13

they have specifications that are used to maintain quality control of dental material

Question 14

2 international organizations that prepare specifications and standards

Answer 14

FDI (Fédération Dentaire Internationale)

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

Question 15

who prepares European standards

Answer 15

CEN since 1995

Question 16

test methods for dental materials

Answer 16

preclinical evaluations of biocompatibility of medical devices in dentistry.

Question 17

test for biological evaluation

Answer 17

in vitro test
in vivio test
usage test
test for toxins on living organisim

Question 18

Ad and Disad for in vitro tests

Answer 18

ad-quick to perform, cheapest, can be standardized, large scale screening, great excellence of interaction
Disad- relevance is questionable

Question 19

Ad and Disad in vivo test

Answer 19

Ad- allows complex systems, responds more comprehensive, more relevant
Disad- expensive, time consuming, ethical concern, difficult to control, difficult to interpret

Question 20

Ad and Disad of usage test

Answer 20

Ad- relevance to use of the material is used
Disad- all of in vivo but more

usage must be done in conditions the drug would be used in

Question 21

what is cytotoxicity

Answer 21

access cell death by materials by measuring no of cells before and after exposure to material

Question 22

tets for cell metabolism

Answer 22

in vitro tets

Question 23

what is mutagenesis assay

Answer 23

effect of biomaterial on cell gentics

Question 24

what are implantation tests used for

Answer 24

used to evaluate material that will contact bone

Question 25

skim sensitization tets

Answer 25

tests for skin hypersensitivity - done by pads

Question 26

hemolysis assay

Answer 26

tests the materials potential to damage red blood cell membranes

Question 27

what is a median lethal dose

Answer 27

the amount of test material which lethal in 50% of the infinite population of the test species