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Plagues & Pandemics > Dengue and Zika > Flashcards

Dengue and Zika Flashcards

To pass this class.

1
Q

What are some defining characteristics of Dengue?

A
  1. Flavivirus family
  2. Related to West Nile virus, Zika, and Hep C
  3. RNA virus
  4. Transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes (domestic daytime biting mosquitoes)
  5. Primarily infects people in tropical/subtropical regions and causes explosive urban epidemics
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2
Q

The virus is in the mosquito’s…

A

saliva.

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3
Q

How is dengue primarily transmitted?

A

Human → mosquito → human

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4
Q

What are the primary symptoms of dengue?

A

Fever, joint pain, rash = non-specific

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5
Q

Dengue is the leading cause of serious illness and death in children in what two places?

A

Asia and Latin America

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6
Q

The burden of disease and deaths by dengue are the highest among children under __ years of age.

A

15

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7
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of classic dengue fever?

A

High fever, headache, myalgias (aches and pains), nausea, vomiting, skin rash

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8
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of dengue?

A

Low platelets, shock (hypotension/low blood pressure), hemorrhagic manifestations

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9
Q

What is the greatest risk factor for severe dengue?

A

Prior infection with different dengue serotype

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10
Q

How many different dengue viruses can infect a person? How can you tell?

A

Four, because there are four serotypes

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11
Q

There has been an (increase/decrease) in incidence of hemorrhagic fever/shock between 1970s and today.

A

Increase

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12
Q

What are the causes of dengue emergence or re-emergence? (4)

A
  1. Greater abundance of the mosquito vector from rise in urbanization
  2. Use of plastic containers and tired
  3. Increased international trade and travel
  4. Broader dissemination of dengue virus: concurrent circulation of multiple serotypes via increased international air travel and trade
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13
Q

What are potential factors of increase DHF/DSS disease? (3)

A
  1. Immunopathogenesis - secondary infection when a person has serotype cross-reactive antibodies
  2. Viral factors - genotypic variations that means the virus has mutated to be able to cause more severe disease
  3. Host factors - things that have changed in the environment or human health or other factors (many possibilities but very difficult to measure impact of those changes)
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14
Q

Where are most cases of “locally acquired” dengue infection located?

A

Florida

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15
Q

What are three ways to control mosquito populations?

A
  1. Use of insecticides
  2. Controlling where water collects and stagnates
  3. Use of biological agent to infect mosquitos
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16
Q

Mosquitos infected with ___ do not carry dengue virus.

A

Wolbachia

17
Q

Detail the brief history and emergence of Zika. (3 key dates)

A

1947: First isolated in a rhesus monkey in Uganda
1954: First human case in Nigeria

1954-2007: Small outbreaks in Africa and some spread to Asia

18
Q

What is Zika transmitted by?

A

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (the same mosquitos as dengue!)

19
Q

Even though the Zika virus can bind to the dengue virus…

A

antibodies to dengue in people with previous dengue virus infection did not seem to receive any protection from the Zika infection.

20
Q

What makes dengue distinct from Zika?

A

Zika can be sexually transmitted

21
Q

Does Zika have a high or low symptomatic rate?

A

High

22
Q

What are symptoms of Zika?

A

Fever, rash, conjunctivitis, myalgia, arthralgia

23
Q

What is Guillain-Barre syndrome and how is it relevant to Zika?

A

An uncommon autoimmune disorder characterized by varying degrees of weakness, sensory abnormalities, and autonomic dysfunction due to peripheral nerve or nerve root damage. Those who got Zika were more likely to develop Guillain-Barre.

24
Q

What is microcephaly?

A

A result of the failure of the brain to grow at normal rate - the skill literally grows to accommodate growth of brain tissue.

25
Q

Tell me important things to know about ZIKA during pregnancy. (3)

A
  1. Shown to infect placenta
  2. Detected in braincells, neurons, placenta, and amniotic fluid of babies with microcephaly
  3. Infection fo the mother in the 2nd or 3rd trimester and prolonged viremia

Plagues & Pandemics (5 decks)

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