demography-migration and globalisation

Question 1

migration

Answer 1

movement of people from one place to another

Question 2

emigration

Answer 2

people leaving a country

Question 3

immigration

Answer 3

people entering a country

Question 4

net migration

Answer 4

the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants generally calculated over a year

Question 5

push factors(drives people out of a country)

Answer 5

-conflict/war
-famine
-poor healthcare
-poverty
-expensive housing
-low employment
-bad weather

Question 6

pull factors (brings people to a country)

Answer 6

-peace
-good weather
-free healthcare
-free education + education opportunities
- good job opportunities

Question 7

In Britain the 1950s–60s saw a net gain as

Answer 7

thousands of immigrants arrived from India, Pakistan and the Caribbean to meet a shortage of labour caused by the Second World War

Question 8

globalisation

Answer 8

Growing
interconnectedness of the world

Question 9

impact of migration on uk population structure
(population size)

Answer 9

it has stopped uk population from shrinking as more people migrating to UK

Question 10

impact of migration on uk population structure
(age structure)

Answer 10

migrants tend to decrease average age of country as they tend to be young + working age

Question 11

impact of migration on uk population structure
(the dependency ratio)

Answer 11

immigration initially lowers dependency ratio as migrants tend to be working-age
-immigrants tend to have higher no. of children increasing dependency ratio
-their children will grow up + join the workforce lowering the ratio

Question 12

effects of migration:

Answer 12

 Increase in net migration
 Increase in diversity of migrants
 Increase in female migrants
 Non-permanent migration patterns

Question 13

globalisation has increased international migrants this had a number of effects on

Answer 13

society + family structure

Question 14

family structures

Answer 14

Afro Caribbean – increased lone parent (type), increased matriarchal (roles)

Bangladeshi/Indian – larger family sizes (size), increased
extended (type), traditional roles
(roles)

Question 15

Migrants from Eastern European

Answer 15

tend to have bigger families, can explain the ‘baby boom’ within society

Question 16

Chambers(2012)

Answer 16

states there has been a growth of ‘global family networks’ as a result of globalisation
-work + live in UK and send money back home

Question 17

Beck and Beck-Gernsheim (2014)

Answer 17

state that globalisation has led to a growth of ‘world families’ and ‘distant love’ whereby family networks through the use of technology (e.g zoom or facebook)

Question 18

trends in global migration

Answer 18

1) acceleration
2) differentiation
3) the feminisation of migration

Question 19

acceleration

Answer 19

rate of migration has sped up

Question 20

differentiation

Answer 20

refers to the different types of migrants

Question 21

cohen identified 3 types of differentiation

Answer 21

1) citizens- have full citizenship rights
2)denizens- rich foreign nationals welcomed by the state
3) herlots- exploited group used as ‘disposable units of labour power’

Question 22

the feminisation of migration

Answer 22

majority of migrants today are female
- placed into occupations stereotypically ‘female’
e.g cleaners or carers , sex work

Question 23

Ehrenreich and Hochsfield identify several trends for why women migrants tend to do care, domestic, and sex work in Western countries

Answer 23

• an increase in service occupations (e.g nursing , nannying, housekeeping) in western countries

-western women no have greater opportunity in workforce, less willing to work in domestic service jobs

-western men will not perform domestic labour jobs

-the state does not provide adequate childcare so migrant women often take on these roles

Question 24

politcal impact of migration

Answer 24

states now have policies that seek to control migration, absorb migration into society , deal with increased ethnic + cultural diversity

Question 25

assimilation

Answer 25

-first state policy approach to immigration
- encourage immigrants to adopt the language,values and customs of the host culture
-assimilation policies mainly failed due to desire of many migrants to retain aspects of their ‘culture origin’

Question 26

multiculturalism

Answer 26

accepts that migrants may wish to retain a separate cultural identity
-consequence of multicultural policy=emergence of multicultural education in schools

Question 27

Eriksen criticises such multicultural education in schools, why?

Answer 27

education encourages ‘shallow diversity’ - surface elements of other cultures such as samosas and saris, fails to address issues surrounding ‘deep diversity’ such as arranged arriages

Question 28

two further consequences include

Answer 28

-a more multicultural society
-a divided working class and the white working backlash

Question 29

erikson- shallow diversity

Answer 29

accepting only superficial aspects of a culture(eating the food of a culture, listening to music etc)

Question 30

deep diversity

Answer 30

accepting deeper cultural practices, norms and values of a culture (e.g arranged marriage, polygamy etc)