demography- decline in death rates

Question 1

death rate

Answer 1

this refers to the number of deaths per 1000 of the population over the course of a year

Question 2

As the population of Britain has increased, life expectancy has

Answer 2

increased and death rates have fallen

Question 3

Between 1971 and 2004, the death rate for

Answer 3

all males fell by 21%, while the death rate for all females fell by 9%.

Question 4

reasons for decline in death rate:

Answer 4

-nutrition and improved living standards
-medical improvements
-public health
-social changes

Question 5

Children born in 2004 will, on average, live for

Answer 5

78 years

Question 6

nutrition and improved living standards

(improved nutritional intake and housing quality)

Answer 6

-better food and nutrition(related to better transport networks + refrigeration) meant children better able to resist infectious disease - reducing infant + child mortality rates
-estimated to account for the death rate

-better quality of housing, better heating less damp=less illness

-fewer children-reduces chance of disease transmission

Question 7

evaluation of nutrition and improved living standards

Answer 7

-not all people have benefitted equally from such advances
-wealthy today longer life expectancy than poor - who still suffer health problems related to poverty
-in terms of nutrition - obesity=serious problem, more food does not mean better nutrition

Question 8

medical improvements
(economic growth,rising living standards + improvement in public health more important)

Answer 8

-mass immunisation programme- limited spread of infectious diseases e.g measles
-important in improving survival rates ‘disease of affluence’ e.g heart disease and cancers
only really significant in the 1950s

Question 9

public health

Answer 9

-rise in intervention in public welfare(welfare state 1945)
-NHS=free healthcare + better care for mothers and babies
-wide range of welfare benefits eg social workers + old people homes
-better sanitation + hygiene
-greater knowledge and concern about health today

Question 10

social changes

Answer 10

-setting up of NHs
-health + safety laws - legislate clean drinking water, food hygiene standards, safe sewage + waste disposal
-clean air act + other policies designed to reduce pollution
-health and safety laws at work - decline of manual work less physical + exhausting less dangerous

Question 11

effects of decline in death rates

Answer 11

Increase in life expectancy
Ageing population