Demography (family and household's) Flashcards
what is the definition of birth rate
the birth rate is the amount of births per year per 1000 births
what are is the 4 factors that impacted the declining birth rate
1.Changes in position of women
2.Fall in infant mortality rate
3.Children as an economic liability
4.Child centeredness
how has the position of women effected the birth rate
More women are in paid work and have had a change in attitudes towards family life. women are more career driven now and the availability of contraception removes the risks of children
how has the fall in infant mortality rate effected the birth rate
People are having less babies due to the improved health and care of baby that has increased its chance of surviving meaning their is no need of having multiple children in case one dies
how has children being a economic liability effected the birth rate
Children are no longer allowed to work till the age of 16 and musts stay in education till 18 meaning they are needed to be looked after till 18 which is expensive
how has child centeredness effected the birth rate
Parents would rather spend quality time with their children than have a quantity of them
definition of the dependency ratio
The relationship between the size of the working population and the non working (dependent) population
Less children=reduced the burden of dependency
Harper 2012
- education is the most important reason for the long term fall in birth and fertility rates
TFR (Total fertility rate)
average number of children women will have during their fertile years which is between 15 and 44
definition of death rate
The number of deaths per 1000 per year
fluctuations in WWI,WWII and the 1918 Flu
Reasons for a decline death rate
1.imporved nutrition
2.Medical improvements (NHS)
3.Public health improvements( better housing
4.Social change(decline in manual labour)
Reasons for an Ageing population
-Increased life expectancy
-Low infant mortality rate
-Declining fertility
what is the impact of an ageing population
-Increase strain on public services (fewer schools)
-More one-person households
-rising dependency ratio (means lower tax revenues and, in all likelihood, higher public expenditure)
-Ageism (discrimination due to age)
Phillipson on aging population (marxist)
The old are of no use to capitalism because they re no longer productive and an economically independent group, adding to the dependency ratio
Hunt on aging population (post modernist)
We can choose our identity no matter what our age is the elderly have become a market for body maintenance and rejuvenation services and goods that are cosmetic
