//Demography

Question 1

Identify the four factors that affect the size of a country’s population.

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Question 2

Define natural change.

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Question 3

Define net migration.

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Question 4

Define birth rate.

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Question 5

Define total fertility rate.

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Question 6

Identify two reasons for changes in the fertility and birth rates.

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Question 7

Summarise how changes in the positions of women have led to a decline in birth rate.

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Question 8

Summarise how a decline in infant mortality rate has led to a decline in birth rate.

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Question 9

Summarise how children now being an economic liability has led to a decline in birth rate. .

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Question 10

Summarise how child centredness has led to a decline in birth rate.

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Question 11

What is the reason for the slight increase in births since 2001?

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Question 12

What does the overall projection show about the number of births up to 2041?

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Question 13

What is the effect of fewer babies being born on the family?

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Question 14

What is the effect of fewer babies being born on the dependency ratio?

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Question 15

What is the effect of fewer babies being born on public services and policies?

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Question 16

Define death rate.

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Question 17

According to Tranter, what was the main reason for the decline in the death rate from 1850 to 1970.

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Question 18

By the 1950s, what kinds of diseases had become the main cause of death?

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Question 19

Summarise how improved nutrition has had an impact on death rates.

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Question 20

Summarise how medical improvements have had an impact on death rates.

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Question 21

Summarise how smoking and diet have had an impact on death rates.

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Question 22

Summarise how public health measures have had an impact on death rates.

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Question 23

Summarise how other social changes have had an impact on death rates.

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Question 24

Define life expectancy.

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Question 25

What is the difference in life expectancy for a baby boy born in 1900 as compared with a
baby boy born in 2013?

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Question 26

Give one reason why average life expectancy was low in 1900.

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Question 27

What is the projected number of centenarians in 2100?

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Question 28

Identify three factors that have caused the ageing of the population.

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Question 29

Summarise the effects of an ageing population on public services.

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Question 30

Summarise the effects of an ageing population on one-person pensioner households.

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Question 31

Summarise the effects of an ageing population on the dependency ratio.

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Question 32

Define ageism.

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Question 33

In what ways might ageism be seen?

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Question 34

What do you understand by the term ‘structured dependency’?

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Question 35

How do Marxists view old age in capitalist society?

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Question 36

How does age determine people’s roles in modern society?

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Question 37

How does the life course in postmodern society differ from that in modern society?

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Question 38

How do people use consumption to create their identities in postmodern society?

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Question 39

How might a person’s previous occupational position affect them when they are older?

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Question 40

Identify three policy implications of an ageing population.

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Question 41

Define immigration.

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Question 42

Define emigration.

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Question 43

Define net migration.

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Question 44

What part of the world do most immigrants to the UK now come from?

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Question 45

1. Define the following terms in relation to emigration:
   a. Economic ‘push’ factors
   b. Economic ‘pull’ factors

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Question 46

Despite economic ‘push’ and ‘pull’ standards, what other reasons might migrants have for leaving their country?

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Question 47

Explain how immigration is causing natural population increase.

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Question 48

How does immigration affect the age structure of the population directly?

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Question 49

How does immigration affect the age structure of the population indirectly?

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Question 50

Identify three effects of immigration on the dependency ratio.

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Question 51

Define globalisation.

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Question 52

What processes are giving rise to globalisation?

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Question 53

How does today’s pattern of super-diversity differ from pre-1990s migration patterns?

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Question 54

In what ways does the feminisation of migration reflect the gender division of labour in
western societies?

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Question 55

List some of the factors that make up our identity

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Question 56

Give an example of a ‘hybrid identity’.

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Question 57

What is meant by ‘hierarchical identities?

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Question 58

What does Eriksen mean by ‘transnational identities’?

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Question 59

What is meant by ‘assimilationism’? Why might this be a controversial policy?

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Question 60

What is meant by multiculturalism?

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Question 61

Why is ‘shallow’ diversity more likely to be accepted than ‘deep’ diversity?

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Question 62

Why has there been a move back towards assimilation policies in recent years?

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Question 63

Why does Castles see assimilationist policies as counter-productive?.

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