Demography

Question 1

What are the factors that impact a population?

Answer 1

Birth rate
Immigration
Death rate
Emigration

Question 2

Which increase a population and which decrease a population?

Answer 2

Increase - birth & immigration

Decrease - death & emigration

Question 3

What are the two common types of growth?

Answer 3

exponential and logical

Question 4

Exponential growth

Answer 4

a population increasing at a constant rate, meaning the growth rate accelerates as the population gets larger
assumes unlimited resources
leads to a constantly increasing growth rate
J curve

Question 5

Logistical Growth

Answer 5

Initially grows rapidly but then slows down and stabilizes as it approaches a carrying capacity
considers resource limitations and environmental constraints
starts rapidly and then slows down as the population reaches its carrying capacity
S curve

Question 6

What type of growth do humans currently show?

Answer 6

exponential growth

Question 7

What is the approximate world population right now?

Answer 7

8.2 Billion

Question 8

Where is the human population distributed?

Answer 8

60% in Asia
urban areas

Question 9

how does density impact population

Answer 9

influencing how readily individuals can access resources, leading to increased competition for food, mates, and space when density is high, which can ultimately limit population growth through factors like reduced reproduction and increased mortality rates; essentially, the more crowded a population is, the greater the strain on available resources, impacting its overall size and dynamics.

Question 10

population density

Answer 10

the number of people per unit of area

Question 11

population age structure

Answer 11

the distribution of individuals within a population across different age groups, essentially showing the proportion of people at various life stages like young, middle-aged, and elderly, within a given population at a specific time

Question 12

how does age structure impact population

Answer 12

determining its growth rate, as different age groups have varying reproductive capabilities, with younger individuals generally contributing more to population growth than older people; a population with a large proportion of young people will tend to grow faster than one with a large proportion of older people.

Question 13

population sex ratio

Answer 13

101 males per 100 females

Question 14

how does sex ratio impact population

Answer 14

significantly impacts its growth rate by influencing the number of potential reproductive individuals available

Question 15

What are examples of revolutions that have adjusted human carrying capacity? How can you connect this to big history?

Answer 15

Agricultural revolution
Domestication of plants and animals led to a significant increase in food production, enabling a larger population to be supported in a single area.

Industrial Revolution
This period saw the development of steam power, mechanization, and improved sanitation practices which further increased food production and reduced mortality rates.

Question 16

What are some strategies to reduce fertility worldwide?

Answer 16

Increasing access to contraception
Improving education for women
Raising the age of marriage and first birth

Question 17

Total Fertility Rate

Answer 17

children per women

Question 18

Crude Birth Rate calculation

Answer 18

(Number of live births / Estimated midyear Population) * 1,000

Question 19

Crude Death Rate calculation

Answer 19

the number of deaths in a given period / by the population exposed to risk of death in that period x 1000

Question 20

Crude Birth Rate

Answer 20

the number of live births in a population per 1,000 people over a given period of time.

Question 21

Crude Death Rate

Answer 21

the number of deaths per 1,000 midyear population

Question 22

Replacement Fertility

Answer 22

Rate at which children replace their parent/parents to keep the population size stable

Question 23

Rate of Natural Increase

Answer 23

how quickly a population is growing or declining

Question 24

Rate of Natural Increase calculation

Answer 24

Crude birth rate - crude death rate

Question 25

Doubling time

Answer 25

how long the population takes to double

Question 26

Doubling time calculation

Answer 26

70 / rni

Question 27

Phase 1

Answer 27

High birth rate, high death rate,
very slow population growth
equal birth and death rate

Question 28

Phase 2

Answer 28

High birth rate, declining death rate,
rapid population growth

Question 29

Phase 3

Answer 29

declining birth rate, slowly falling death rate,
pop. growth is slowing down

Question 30

Phase 4

Answer 30

Low birth rate, low death rate,
very slow pop. growth

Question 31

Describe the poverty population trap

Answer 31

Poverty (overusing of resources for survival) —-> Environmental Degradation (more “little hands” needed to help the family in a depleted environment illiteracy, and lack of contraceptives) —-> High fertility (dwindling resources divided among more people) —–> back to poverty

Question 32

What are some reasons why countries never or are very slow to make the fertility transition

Answer 32

limited access to education and family planning, high infant mortality rates, strong cultural norms favoring large families, low economic development, lack of women’s empowerment, early marriage practices, and inadequate social safety nets

Question 33

dependency ratio

Answer 33

number of older citizens (65+) / Pop. aged between 15-64

older members of society depend on younger members for care and support

Question 34

The fertility transition

Answer 34

demographic shift from high fertility rates to lower levels

Question 35

describe demographic transition graph

Answer 35

in beginning death & birth rates are equal - no population growth
death rate falls
birth rate falls but not until some time after dropping death rates
birth & death rate became equal again but are much lower, population stops growing