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enviro > Unit 1 test > Flashcards

Unit 1 test Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean when an environmental issue is a “wicked problem”?

How can we relate this to our course theme?

How can we relate it to the idea of the big grey box?

A

a complex problem or issue with no clear solution often having multiple stakeholders

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2
Q

What is the “triple bottom line”?

A

maintains that companies should commit to focusing as much on social and environmental concerns as they do on profits.
People Planet Profit

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3
Q

What is an emergent property in big history?

A

Properties of a complex system that are not present within its parts but that emerge only when those parts are combined.

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4
Q

What is a threshold in big history?

A

a significant moment in the universe’s timeline where a major increase in complexity occurred

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5
Q

What is a goldilocks condition in big history?

A

when conditions are “just right” for something new and more complex to emerge.

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6
Q

What force was especially important in the first three big history thresholds?

A

gravity

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7
Q

accretion

A

the gradual accumulation of solid materials due to gravitational forces.

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8
Q

Where is life thought to have formed?

A

near hydrothermal vents

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9
Q

Where did the water on Earth come from?

A

water-rich objects like asteroids and comets that collided with the planet during its formation

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10
Q

Threshold 1 goldilocks

A

unknown

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11
Q

Threshold 2 goldilocks

A

tiny variations in the density of matter
high enough temp
gravity, too large universe lapsed
too small, no stars

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12
Q

Threshold 3 goldilocks

A

stars running out of hydrogen

stars collapsing

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13
Q

Threshold 4 goldilocks

A

gravity, accretion, and random collisions

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14
Q

Threshold 5 goldilocks

A

right amount of energy
water

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15
Q

Threshold 6 goldilocks

A

interactions between individuals and between communties

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16
Q

Threshold 7 goldilocks

A

increasing comp. for resources
warmer climates after last ice age

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17
Q

Threshold 8 goldilocks

A

new energy resources and increasingly large exchange networks

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18
Q

Threshold 1

A

Big bang

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19
Q

Threshold 2

A

Stars light up

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20
Q

Threshold 3

A

New chemical elements

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21
Q

Threshold 4

A

solar system emerges

22
Q

Threshold 5

A

beginning of life on earth

23
Q

Threshold 6

A

humans and collective learning

24
Q

Threshold 7

A

agriculture

25
Q

Threshold 8

A

Modern revolution

26
Q

What makes a question ‘testable’?

A

if it can be answered through observation or experimentation, and if it’s based on scientific ideas rather than opinions or morals

27
Q

Independent Variable

A

one the researcher intentionally changes or controls
(manipulated)

28
Q

Dependent Variable

A

the factor that the research measures
(measured)

29
Q

What is the importance of constant variables

A

it would be difficult to draw conclusions without them

allow researchers to isolate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable by ensuring that all other factors remain the same, thereby increasing the validity and accuracy of the results

30
Q

manipulative experiment

A

manipulating a variable to test a hypothesis

measures how one or more variables of interest respond to these alterations.

31
Q

observational study?

A

A type of study in which individuals are observed or certain outcomes are measured
(without affecting outcome)

32
Q

What is the control group

A

a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or factor being tested

33
Q

Why do experiments need control groups?

A

to create a benchmark to compare the experimental results to.

34
Q

null hypothesis

A

there is no statistical significance between the two variables.

no difference between experimental treatments

(no effect)

35
Q

alternate hypothesis

A

an opposing theory to the null hypothesis.
The independent variable affects the dependent variable.

36
Q

What is a p-value

A

or probability value, tells you how likely it is that your data could have occurred under the null hypothesis.

37
Q

what would a p-value of less than 0.05 mean for your results?

A

statistically significant,

A p-value greater than 0.05 means that the hypothesis is not statistically significant,

38
Q

does a manipulative experiment give correlation or cause and effect info

A

gives cause and effect information, not just correlation

39
Q

does a observational study give correlation or cause and effect

A

cannot prove cause and effect, can show correlation

40
Q

what is stronger as evidence cause and effect or correlation

A

“Cause and effect” is considered stronger evidence than “correlation”

41
Q

Media Literacy

A

the ability to evaluate digital sources of information

42
Q

What are the key components of critical thinking?

A

asses info
reflect on info
reach conclusions

43
Q

What is a logical fallacy

A

arguments used to confuse or sway someone to accept a claim/position in the absence of evidence

44
Q

What does a “CRAAP” test help you do

A

provides a list of questions to ask yourself when deciding whether or not a source is reliable and credible enough to use in your academic research pape

45
Q

What is each component of the “CRAAP” acronym and why is it important?

A

Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose.

46
Q

What would the “CRAAP” test help you decide?

A

if a source of information is credible and reliable enough to use for academic research or other purposes

47
Q

What are the parts of primary literature

A

diaries, letters, speeches, eyewitness accounts, photographs, and official documents

48
Q

Which primary sources are most important to read and what information can you get from reading it?

A

those that provide direct, first-hand accounts of events, people, or situations created at the time they occurred

unique insights into the perspectives and experiences of individuals involved, allowing you to gain a deeper understanding of the historical context and details that might be missing from secondary sources

49
Q

What is the purpose of peer reviewing scientific research?

A

to assess the quality, validity, and originality of a research study by having other experts in the same field critically examine it,

50
Q

What is a “gap” in scientific research?

A

an area within a field where there is a lack of existing knowledge or information

51
Q

Can you interpret the big ideas from a paper?

A

Yes,

52
Q

Types of logical fallacies

A

Hasty generalization (broad conclusion from little evidence)

Red herring (extra info that dosent support the claim)

Ad Hominem attack (attacks the person/group opposing the author)

Appeal to authority (dosent present direct evidence, makes claim that an expert agrees)

Appeal to complexity ( statement that an issue is to complicated)

enviro (4 decks)

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