Demography

Question 1

Define Demography

Answer 1

The study of the statistics that measure the size and growth of a population
- Eg. Birth & Death Rates

Question 2

Birth Rate Statistics

Answer 2

The Birth Rate has fallen since the early 20th century
- 2014: there were nearly 700,000 births in England & Wales; compared to the 1 million births in 1901

Question 3

Fertility Rate

Answer 3

The Fertility rate was unusually high after the first and second world wars. These babies were called “Baby Boomers”

It has decreased since the early 20th century
- 1941: 2.34
- 1968: 1.92
- 2014: 1.83
(children per women)

Question 4

Why is the Fertility Rate/ Birth Rate decreasing?

Answer 4

• Women are having less children
• Women are having children later in life
• Social changes like: Contraception. Contraception is more easily available
• Children are expensive and time consuming: peoples priorities have changes, couples may wish to spent their time and money other ways

Question 5

Mortality/ Death Rates

Answer 5

They have also fallen
- on average, the mortality rates have stayed relatively the same since 1901, but the increase in population in the 20th century means that the rate has actually fallen

Question 6

Why is Mortality/ Death rates decreasing?

Answer 6

Medical Advancements form the second half of the 20th century
- the introduction of vaccines, blood transfusions , antibiotics and better care from pregnant women

The Introduction of the NHS in 1948 made health care free and accessible to all.

The government improved public health by regulating food and drinking water quality- enforcing laws to improve cleanliness.