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CERP 165 (EXAM) > Demographic Analysis > Flashcards

Demographic Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

From the Greek language, ___ means description of people.
* scientific study of human population primarily with respect to size,
structure and development.
* concerned with current size and characteristics of human population,
how they were attainted and how they are changing.

A

DEMOGRAPHY

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2
Q

represents the
starting point for planning at
all scales

A

Demography or population
studies

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3
Q

Provides guidelines for deciding
total land requirements and the
basis of land between various
competing land uses

A

Demography or population studies

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4
Q

refers to the total number of individuals in a territory at a specified time.

A

POPULATION

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5
Q

basis for determining
whether the level of public services like
schools, health centers, recreational facilities,

A

Population

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6
Q

dictates the policy for most of
the human settlements needs

A

Population make-up and distribution

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7
Q
  1. Generates relevant population data in a specific area
  2. Involves the determination of present trends governing changes
    in population statistics as well as future population shifts in a
    given area
  3. Can readily be accessed from the National Census conducted
    nationwide at regular five-year intervals
A

DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

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8
Q

In undertaking demographic analysis, three aspects of the population must be
studied:

A
  1. Size
  2. Distribution
  3. Characteristics
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9
Q

Fundamental Demographic Methods

Treat the population as a whole
without disaggregation with
respect to age, sex or other
characteristics.

A

Trend Models

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10
Q

Fundamental Demographic Methods

Treat a given population as an
aggregate of the various groups, and
the evolution of the population
results (in part) from the interaction
of these groups

A

Composition Models

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11
Q

Methods of Population

Projection

Uses mathematical formulae

A

Mathematical Method

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12
Q

Methods of Population

Projection

Projects future population
based on economic conditions

A

Economic Method

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13
Q

Methods of Population

Projection

Projects population by demographic
components

A

Component or Cohort-Survival
Method

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14
Q

SOURCES OF POPULATION CHANGE

A

1.Fertility
2.Mortality
3.Migration

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15
Q

refers to the live births that occur within a
population.

A

FERTILITY

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16
Q

refers to the number of births divided by the midyear population, usually expressed in terms of thousands. It is the simplest and most commonly used index of fertility.

A

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

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17
Q

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) formula

A

CBR = (B/P)* 1000
B = no of births in given year
P = total mid yr popu of same year

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18
Q

Total Mid-year Population (July 1)

A

Pt = Po (1 + r/100)t *small t
P2021 = P2020 (1+ r/100) *small 0.5

Where:
Po = pop at an earlier period
Pt = unknown pop or to be estimated
1.0 = constant
r = annual population growth rate
t = time interval between Po and Pt

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19
Q

refers to the occurrence of deaths in a population.

A

MORTALITY

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20
Q

is a rough measure of mortality. It refers to the number of deaths per 1,000 population.

A

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

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21
Q

Crude Death Rate (CDR) formula

A

CDR= (D/P) * 1000

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22
Q

Rate of population increase in a given period
due to births and deaths

A

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

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23
Q

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) formula

A

RNI = (CBR - CDR)

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24
Q

Geographic movement of people across a specified
boundary for the purpose of establishing a new
permanent or semi-permanent residence

A

MIGRATION

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25
Q

The number of immigrants arriving at a destination per 1,000
population at that destination in a given year.

A

Immigration Rate

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26
Q

Immigration Rate formula

A

IR = Number of immig/ total popu at destination * 1000

unit = answ per 1000 residents

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27
Q

The number of emigrants departing an area of origin per 1,000
population at that area of origin in a given year.

A

Emigration Rate

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28
Q

Emigration Rate formula

A

ER = # of emig/ total popu of origin * 1000

unit = answ per 1000 residents

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29
Q
  1. Shows the net effect of immigration and emigration in an area’s
    population expressed as “>” or “<“ per 1,000 population of an
    area in a given year.
  2. Shows the net difference between the numbers of persons
    entering a geographic area (Immigrants) and those leaving the
    area (Emigrants) per 1,000 population of an area in a given year.
A

NMR= # of immigrants - # of emigrants/ total pop 1000
NMR = IR-ER1000

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30
Q
A
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31
Q

The balance among fertility, mortality and migration determines
whether a population increases, remains stationary, or decreases in
number.

A

POPULATION DYNAMICS

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32
Q

The relation between births and deaths is referred to

A

Natural
Population Increase (Natural Population Growth).

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33
Q

When the net effect of migration is added to natural increase, this
referred to

A

Total Natural Increase (Total Growth).

34
Q

COMPUTING POPULATION GROWTH RATES

A

1.Arithmetic
2.Geometric
3.Exponential

35
Q

COMPUTING POPULATION GROWTH RATES

Assumes that there are linear increases or
decreases in population

A

ARITHMETIC CHANGE

36
Q

ARITHMETIC CHANGE formula

A

r= Pt-Po/ t (Po)*k

37
Q

Assumes that the population changes at a rate where the increments or decreases are compounded over a specified period

A

GEOMETRIC CHANGE

38
Q

GEOMETRIC CHANGE formula

A

r= antilog log Pt/Po / t -1*k

Pt = Po (1+r/100( *small t

Example:
Pt = Population on Sept. 1, 1995 = 68,616,536
Po = Population on May 1, 1990 = 60,703,206
t = 5.33
r = ?
k = 100

39
Q

Assumes an instantaneous growth rate

A

EXPONENTIAL CHANGE

40
Q

Refers to the length of time a particular
population would double its size under a given growth rate

A

DOUBLING TIME

41
Q

POPULATION PROJECTIONS

This guide suggests the combined use of

A

GEOMETRIC and PARTICIPATION RATE.

42
Q

This method simply uses ratio or
percent share of a particular segment
of population to total population
using actual/latest census data.

Population per barangay
Dependent population
Labor force population
Population per age group

A

PARTICIPATION RATE METHOD (PR)

43
Q

Projection required is yearly for the
first 5 years and 5 years thereafter.

A

City/Municipal Population Projection

44
Q

Participation Rate (PR) formula

A

PR = Po (base pop of city/municipality)/ Po (base popn of province)

45
Q

Use the Geometric formula to get the Growth Rate (r)
using the two latest census. And use it to project the
whole planning period.
* Growth Rate (r) – 2010 and 2015
* Project 2018-2028 (using derived r)

A

Alternative method:

46
Q

It refers to the composition of the population in terms of age, sex, marital status and other characteristics of the population.

A

Population Characteristics

47
Q

simply the number of males per 100
females in a population.

A

Sex Ratio

48
Q

Sex Ratio formula

A

SR=M/F *100

49
Q

The ratio of the population in the dependent ages of 0-14 years and
65 years and over to the population in the working ages 15-64 years.

A

Age Dependency Ratio

50
Q

(below 15 years old)

A

Young Dependency Ratio

51
Q

(65 years old and
above)

A

Old Age Dependency Ratio

52
Q

(below 15 years + 65 years old and
above)

A

Age Dependency Ratio

53
Q

refers to the population 15 years old and over who contribute
to the production of goods and services in the country.

A

Labor Force

54
Q

proportion of the total number of persons in
the labor force to the total population 15 years old and over.

A

Labor Force Participation Rate

55
Q
  • includes all persons who are 15 years old and over as of their last birthday and are
    reported as:
    i. without work, i.e., had no job or business during the basic survey reference
    period; and
    i. currently available for work, i.e., were available and willing to take up work in
    paid employment or self employment during the basic survey reference period,
    and/or would be available and willing to take up work in paid employment or
    self employment within two weeks after the interview date; and,
    iii. seeking work, i.e., had taken specific steps to look for a job or establish a
    business during the basic survey reference period; OR not seeking work due to the
    following reasons: (a) tired/believe no work available, i.e, the discouraged workers
    who looked for work within the last six months prior to the interview date; (b)
    awaiting results of previous job applications; (c) temporary illness/disability; (d) bad
    weather; and (e) waiting for rehire/job recall.
A

Unemployed

56
Q

the proportion of total number of employed persons
to the total number of persons in the labor force

A

Employment Rate

57
Q

Singulate Mean Age at
Marriage (SMAM)

A

MARITAL STATUS

58
Q

the
average length of single life expressed in years among
those who marry before age 50.

A

singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM)

59
Q
  • derived from a set of percent
    singles at all ages
  • It denotes the number of years that a
    married individual spends in singlehood
    before ultimately marrying.
A

Singulate Mean Age at Marriage(SMAM)

60
Q

graphical
presentation of the population. It
consists of bars: the height represents
the age groups while the length
represents the absolute population, or
percent of the population in each age
group. The sum of the bars is equal to
the total population or 100% of the
population. The graph usually depicts
the male and female populations
separately.

A

population pyramid

61
Q

Three General Types of Population Pyramids

A
  1. Expansive
  2. Constrictive
  3. Stationary
62
Q

has a broad base that indicates high
fertility.

A

expansive pyramid

63
Q

has a base that is narrower than
the middle of the pyramid. It indicates moderate population
growth.

A

constrictive pyramid

64
Q

has a base which is approximately equal to
each subsequent age group, tapering at older ages. It indicates a moderate
proportion of the children, a relatively large proportion of persons in the old
ages and a low population growth.

A

stationary type of pyramid

65
Q

Indicated by a pyramid with a large percentage of people in the
younger ages.

A

Rapid Growth

66
Q

Reflected by a pyramid with a smaller proportion of the
population in the younger ages.

A

Slow Growth

67
Q

Populations are shown by roughly equal numbers of people in
all age ranges, tapering off gradually at the older ages.

A

Zero or Declining Growth

68
Q

expressed as the number of
persons per unit of land area, usually in hectares or square
kilometers.

Measures of Urbanization

A

Gross Population Density

69
Q

the ratio of population to the total area of
arable land. An arable land, for convenience, is defined as the total land
area of lands classified as “alienable and disposable

Measures of Urbanization

A

Net Population Density

70
Q

also used in reclassifying the PSA population groupings into the desired schoolgoing age population group

Measurement of School-Going Age Population
(6-21 years old)

A

Interpolation Technique

71
Q

School-going age population:

A
  • Primary – 7 to 12 years old
  • Junior HS – 13 to 16 years old
  • Senior HS – 17 to 18 years old
  • Tertiary – 19 to 22 years old
72
Q

Housing Need

A

Projected Housing need = New Household + Service Backlog

  1. Doubled – Up (DUHH) = No. of Households (HH) – No. of Housing Units (HU)
  2. Unacceptable Housing Units = 5% of HU made of mixed materials
  3. Mixed Materials = HU with walls and roof made of wood, cogon/Nipa/ Anahaw, asbestos and
    others (PSA data on Occupied HU by construction materials)
  4. Makeshift / Salvage / Improvised HU (per PSA data)
  5. Others
73
Q
  1. Day Care Center
  2. Senior Citizen Care Center
  3. Day Center for Street Children
  4. Temporary Shelter for Women
  5. Reception and Study Center
  6. Family Life Resource Center
  7. Early Childhood Development Resource Center
A

Tool 1:
Inventory and Assessment of Social Welfare Facilities

74
Q

Projected Population (below poverty line) = 16,000
Current Clientele (DSWD Survey) = 2,000
Current Population (below poverty line) = 15,000
Projected Clientele = Projected x Current Clientele /
Current Population

A

Tool 2:
Clientele Projection of Social Welfare

75
Q
  1. Police/Firemen
  2. Type of Barangay Brigades (disaster, tanod, and traffic auxilliary)
  3. Police and Fire Facilities
  4. Number and Location of Police/Fire Station and Jails
  5. Fire Incidence

Protective Services

A

Tool 1:
Inventory and Assessment Related to
Peace and Order Condition

76
Q

Police Force = Size of Police Force /
Total Population

Ideal: 1 policeman:500 persons
Minimum Standard PPR = 1:1,000

A

Tool 2:
Determination of Police Force

77
Q

Tool 3:
Determination of Fireman-Population Ratio

A

Fireman- Population Ratio = No. of Fireman /
Total Population

City/Large Municipalities – 1 Fireman: 2,000 people
PNP standard – 1:500

78
Q

a. Population Demand = Population X Standard Ratio
for Policemen
PDP = 60,000 X 1/500 = 120 policemen

A

Population Demand for Policemen

79
Q

b. Current Police = Total Population Demand -
Force Requirement Actual No. of Police
Force
CPF = 120 – 20 = 100 policemen

A

Population Demand for Policemen

80
Q

Tool 4: Determining Future Requirement

A

a. Population Demand = Population X Standard Ratio
for Fireman
PDP = 60,000 X 1/500
= 120 firemen

b. Current Firemen
Requirement
= Total Population Demand -
Actual No. of Firemen
= 120 – 20 = 100 firemen

81
Q

Tool 4: Determining Future Requirement

A

PPF = Projected Population Standard Number of Police
/ Force to Population Ratio

Projection of Police Force Requirement

CERP 165 (EXAM) (9 decks)

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