Demograpghy - Done

Question 1

What are two reasons for the decline in birthrate

Answer 1

Change in women’s positions
Declining infant mortality rates 

Question 2

Change in women’s positions

Answer 2

According to half of educating women has led to the strongest increase in decline of childbirth - this is from legal equality of Men and women, increase in education opportunities and easier access to divorce. Women, realise there are other possibilities in life, apart from traditional role as housewives of mothers so delay having children or don’t have them at all

Question 3

Decline in from mortality rate

Answer 3

This refers to children dying before their first birthday, less children are dying, because of better technology and medicine. Consequently birthrate is lowering as parents don’t need to have more children to replace those that have died. 

Question 4

What are five reasons for decline and deaths

Answer 4

Population developed a natural resistance to disease
There is improved nutrition amongst people
There are significant medical improvements
Reduction in the amount of people, smoking and better diets
Improvement in quality of public health measures

Question 5

Life expectancy 

Answer 5

In the 1900s, people are expected to live up to 50 nowadays people can expect to live up to 94
Now that is a newborn baby has a higher chance of reaching 65th birthday is in a baby born in 1900 had a reaching its first 

Question 6

What is referred to as the ageing population?

Answer 6

Average age is rising, an increasing life expectancy, decline in infant mortality and decline in fertility

Question 7

What are some of the effects of the aging population?

Answer 7

older people consume more healthcare,  the one person pension household, dependency ratio, which means nonworking older economically dependent group who need to be provided for by those of working age

Question 8

Modern society and old age

Answer 8

• The elderly excluded from Paid work, leaving them economically dependent on the State
• from a Marxist, respective elderly are not a use for capitalism, no longer productive

Question 9

Immigration

Answer 9

Migration - Movement of people from place to place, immigration means movement into society, for example, people might immigrate to find work or to escape conflict

Question 10

Emigration

Answer 10

Immigration refers to the movement out of a place, this could be because of pull factors (higher wages, or better opportunities abroad) or push factors (economic recession, unemployment at home)
- Immigration also could be because of religious reasons or political persecution

Question 11

What are some of the impacts migration has had on the UK population structure?

Answer 11

• population size in the UK has increased
• Birth rates are now exceeding death rates
• age structure – immigration lowers average age (directly) - they are generally younger (indirectly) young immigrants are more fertile and thus produce more babies

Question 12

Globalisation and migration

Answer 12

Globalisation produces rapid social changes through factors such as acceleration and differentiation
- Acceleration refers to the speeding up rate of migration
- Differentiation refers to the many types of migrants, being permanent, temporary, forced or asylum seekers - globalisation has increased diversity
In the past all migrants woman now half are woman - due to women changing position in society

Question 13

The politicisation of migration

Answer 13

States now control immigration - immigration policies also become linked to national security and antiterrorism policies
- assimilation encourages migrants to adopt language and values of the hosts culture
- Multi culturalism refers to acceptance that the migrants may wish to retain a separate cultural identity

Question 14

Overall summary

Answer 14

• Since 1900 the birth rate has declined, producing smaller, family sizes - due to lower infant mortality and changes in the position of women and children
• death rate has declined and life expectancy increased due to social changes, this has created an ageing population which can have negative impacts on the elderly
• Migration, affects age, structure, and fertility rate due to pull and push factors. Globalisation has increased migration, created larger diversities.

Question 15

What are the 5 topics under democracy?

Answer 15

Births
Deaths
Ageing population
Migration
Globalisation and migration