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SST Grade 9 > Democratic Rights > Flashcards

Democratic Rights Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three essential elements of a democratic government?

A
  1. Periodic elections by the people
  2. Institutions following rules and procedures
  3. Enjoyment of rights
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2
Q

What is the role of citizens’ democratic rights in a democracy?

A

They set limits on the actions of elected rulers and protect individuals from abuse of power.

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3
Q

What are rights?

A

Claims of a person over other fellow beings, society, and the government.

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4
Q

True or False: Rights can exist without being recognized by society.

A

False

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Rights acquire meaning only in _______.

A

[society]

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6
Q

What are Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution?

A

Rights that are essential for the sustenance of democracy and are given special status.

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7
Q

List the six Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution.

A
  • Right to Equality
  • Right to Freedom
  • Right against Exploitation
  • Right to Freedom of Religion
  • Cultural and Educational Rights
  • Right to Constitutional Remedies
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8
Q

What does the Right to Equality entail?

A

It ensures that laws apply equally to all individuals, regardless of status.

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9
Q

What is the rule of law?

A

The principle that no person is above the law and that laws apply equally to all.

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10
Q

True or False: Citizens in India can be discriminated against based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

A

False

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11
Q

What does the Right to Freedom guarantee?

A

The right to express opinions, form political parties, and participate in political activities.

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12
Q

What role do rights play in protecting minorities?

A

They prevent the oppression of minorities by the majority.

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13
Q

Why are some rights placed higher than the government?

A

To ensure that the government cannot violate them.

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14
Q

What happens when rights are violated?

A

Citizens can approach courts to protect their rights.

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15
Q

What is a moral claim?

A

A claim that is recognized as rightful but not legally enforceable.

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16
Q

What is necessary for rights to be enforceable?

A

They must be recognized by society and written into law.

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17
Q

What is the significance of the examples of Guantanamo Bay, Saudi Arabia, and Kosovo?

A

They illustrate the consequences of living without rights.

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18
Q

In the context of rights, what does ‘obligation’ refer to?

A

The responsibility to respect the rights of others.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The prisoners in Guantanamo Bay had a _______ claim against torture.

A

[moral]

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20
Q

What is the fundamental purpose of rights in a democracy?

A

To sustain democracy and protect individual freedoms.

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21
Q

Provide an example of a violation of rights in a democracy.

A

Elected governments attacking the rights of their own citizens.

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22
Q

What is the implication of equality of opportunity in public jobs?

A

No discrimination in employment based on religion, race, caste, or sex.

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23
Q

What does the Right to Constitutional Remedies ensure?

A

The ability to approach courts for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

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24
Q

What does the Constitution say about access to public places?

A

There shall be no restriction regarding the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads, playgrounds, and places of public resorts maintained by government or dedicated to the use of the general public.

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25
Q

What principle applies to public jobs according to the Constitution?

A

All citizens have equality of opportunity in matters relating to employment or appointment to any position in the government.

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26
Q

Are job reservations against the right to equality?

A

No, reservations do not violate the Right to Equality as they ensure equal opportunity.

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27
Q

What is the principle of non-discrimination?

A

It extends to social life and forbids practices like untouchability, which denies equal access to public places.

28
Q

What is untouchability as defined by the Constitution?

A

Untouchability refers to any belief or social practice that looks down upon people based on their caste, denying them interaction or access to public places.

29
Q

What are some examples of untouchability practices reported by P. Sainath?

A
  • Tea stalls using separate cups for Dalits
  • Barbers refusing to serve Dalit clients
  • Dalit students sitting separately in classrooms
  • Dalit grooms not allowed to ride a horse in wedding processions
  • Dalits not allowed to use common handpumps
30
Q

What does freedom mean in the context of the Indian Constitution?

A

Freedom means absence of constraints and interference in affairs by others.

31
Q

List the rights included under the Right to Freedom.

A
  • Freedom of speech and expression
  • Assembly in a peaceful manner
  • Form associations and unions
  • Move freely throughout the country
  • Reside in any part of the country
  • Practice any profession or carry on any occupation, trade, or business
32
Q

True or False: Freedom of expression allows individuals to instigate violence.

A

False.

33
Q

What restrictions can the government impose on freedoms?

A

The government can impose reasonable restrictions in the larger interests of society.

34
Q

What rights do citizens have regarding assembly and demonstrations?

A

Citizens have the freedom to hold meetings, processions, rallies, and demonstrations as long as they are peaceful.

35
Q

What does the Constitution say about deprivation of life and personal liberty?

A

No person can be deprived of life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

36
Q

What are the procedures required when a person is arrested?

A
  • Informed of the reasons for arrest
  • Produced before a magistrate within 24 hours
  • Right to consult a lawyer
37
Q

What three specific evils does the Constitution prohibit under the right against exploitation?

A
  • Traffic in human beings
  • Forced labour or begar
  • Child labour
38
Q

What is meant by forced labour or begar?

A

Begar is a practice where the worker is forced to render service without proper remuneration.

39
Q

What rights does the Constitution guarantee regarding freedom of religion?

A

Every person has the right to profess, practice, and propagate their religion.

40
Q

What is the principle of secularism as defined in the Indian Constitution?

A

The state should be neutral and impartial in dealing with all religions, without establishing an official religion.

41
Q

What cultural rights are guaranteed to minorities by the Constitution?

A

Minorities have the right to conserve their distinct language or culture and establish educational institutions.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: Admission to any educational institution maintained by government cannot be denied on the grounds of _______.

A

[religion or language]

43
Q

True or False: The government can compel individuals to pay taxes for the promotion of a specific religion.

A

False.

44
Q

What law gave Aligarh Muslim University its minority status?

A

Central law that held illegal the reservation of seats for Muslims in its postgraduate medical courses

This law was enacted in January 2006.

45
Q

What did Christian leaders say about the Rajasthan Government’s anti-conversion law?

A

It would aggravate the sense of insecurity and fear in the minds of minorities

This statement was made in March 2005.

46
Q

What is the Right to Constitutional Remedies?

A

It is a Fundamental Right that allows individuals to seek enforcement of their fundamental rights through courts.

47
Q

Who called the Right to Constitutional Remedies ‘the heart and soul’ of our Constitution?

A

Dr. Ambedkar

48
Q

What can be challenged if it violates Fundamental Rights?

A

Laws of the central and state governments, policies and actions of the government, actions of governmental organizations

This includes nationalized banks and electricity boards.

49
Q

What is the role of the Supreme Court and High Courts regarding Fundamental Rights?

A

They can issue directions, orders, or writs for enforcement, and award compensation for violations.

50
Q

What is the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?

A

An independent commission set up by law in 1993 to address human rights violations.

51
Q

Who appoints the members of the NHRC?

A

The President of India

52
Q

What powers does the NHRC have?

A

It can summon witnesses, question officials, demand official papers, and inspect prisons.

53
Q

What is Public Interest Litigation (PIL)?

A

A legal mechanism allowing individuals or groups to approach the Supreme Court or High Court for public interest issues.

54
Q

What are some newly recognized rights in the Constitution of South Africa?

A
  • Right to privacy
  • Right to a healthy environment
  • Right to adequate housing
  • Right to health care services
  • Right to sufficient food and water
55
Q

What rights are recognized by the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights?

A
  • Right to work
  • Right to safe working conditions
  • Right to adequate standard of living
  • Right to social security
  • Right to health
  • Right to education
56
Q

What is Amnesty International?

A

An international organization of volunteers campaigning for human rights.

57
Q

What is a claim in the context of rights?

A

A demand for legal or moral entitlements made on fellow citizens, society, or the government.

58
Q

What does the term ‘covenant’ refer to?

A

A promise made by individuals, groups, or countries to uphold a rule or principle.

59
Q

Define ‘Dalit’.

A

A person belonging to castes considered low and not touchable, also known as Scheduled Castes.

60
Q

What is a writ?

A

A formal document containing an order of the court issued only by High Court or the Supreme Court.

61
Q

Is the right to privacy a Fundamental Right in India?

A

No, it is not explicitly listed as a Fundamental Right.

62
Q

Which Fundamental Right includes the freedom to propagate one’s religion?

A

Right to Freedom of Religion

63
Q

Which right is associated with the abolition of untouchability?

A

Right to Equality

64
Q

True or False: Every country that gives rights to its citizens is a democracy.

A

True

65
Q

What is the relationship between democracy and rights?

A

Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens.

66
Q

What is the purpose of the NHRC?

A

To make independent inquiries into human rights violations and promote human rights.

67
Q

Fill in the blank: Rights are _______ claims that may or may not have been recognized by law.

A

universal moral

SST Grade 9 (6 decks)

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