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SST Grade 9 > Climate > Flashcards

Climate Flashcards

1
Q

What is climate?

A

Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years)

Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point in time.

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2
Q

What are the elements of weather and climate?

A
  • Temperature
  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Wind
  • Humidity
  • Precipitation
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3
Q

What does the term ‘monsoon’ refer to?

A

‘Monsoon’ refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year

The word ‘monsoon’ is derived from the Arabic word ‘mausim’ which means season.

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4
Q

How does temperature vary in summer across India?

A

In summer, temperatures can reach up to 50°C in Rajasthan, while Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir may be around 20°C.

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5
Q

What is the temperature range in Drass during winter?

A

Temperature in Drass can drop to as low as -45°C.

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6
Q

What is the annual precipitation range in India?

A

Annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western Rajasthan.

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7
Q

What are the six major controls of climate?

A
  • Latitude
  • Altitude
  • Pressure and wind system
  • Distance from the sea (continentality)
  • Ocean currents
  • Relief features
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8
Q

What is continentality in climate?

A

Continentality refers to the condition where areas experience extreme weather, very hot during summers and very cold during winters, due to increased distance from the sea.

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9
Q

What are the four main seasons in India?

A
  • Cold weather season (Winter)
  • Hot weather season (Summer)
  • Advancing monsoon
  • Retreating monsoon
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10
Q

When does the cold weather season begin in India?

A

The cold weather season begins from mid-November and lasts until February.

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11
Q

What is a characteristic feature of the cold weather season in northern India?

A

The inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and northwest, causing winter rains and snowfall.

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12
Q

What is the temperature range during the hot weather season in March to May?

A

Temperatures can reach up to 45°C in northwestern parts of India.

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13
Q

What are ‘loo’ winds?

A

‘Loo’ winds are strong, gusty, hot, dry winds blowing during the day over northern and northwestern India.

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14
Q

What happens during the advancing monsoon?

A

The south-east trade winds bring abundant moisture to the Indian subcontinent, resulting in significant rainfall.

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15
Q

What is Mawsynram known for?

A

Mawsynram is known for receiving the highest average rainfall in the world.

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16
Q

What marks the transition season of retreating monsoons?

A

The transition from hot rainy season to dry winter conditions, marked by clear skies and a rise in temperature.

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17
Q

True or False: Coastal areas experience more temperature contrasts than interior regions.

A

False.

18
Q

Fill in the blank: The Himalayas prevent _______ from Central Asia from entering the Indian subcontinent.

A

[cold winds]

19
Q

What happens to the monsoon trough in November?

A

It becomes weaker and is replaced by a high-pressure system.

20
Q

What marks the retreat of the monsoon?

A

Clear skies and rise in temperature.

21
Q

What is commonly referred to as ‘October heat’?

A

Oppressive weather conditions due to high temperature and humidity.

22
Q

Where does the low-pressure condition over north-western India shift to by early November?

A

The Bay of Bengal.

23
Q

What originates over the Andaman Sea and causes heavy rain along the eastern coasts of India?

A

Cyclonic depressions.

24
Q

Which regions of India are frequently affected by cyclones?

A

The deltas of the Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Odisha, West Bengal, and Bangladesh.

25
Q

What is the rainfall distribution in parts of western coast and northeastern India?

A

Over about 400 cm of rainfall annually.

26
Q

Which region in India receives less than 60 cm of rainfall annually?

A

Western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Gujarat, Haryana, and Punjab.

27
Q

Where is snowfall restricted in India?

A

The Himalayan region.

28
Q

What is the nature of annual rainfall in India?

A

Highly variable from year to year.

29
Q

What is the impact of the monsoon on the Indian subcontinent?

A

It provides a rhythmic cycle of seasons and unites the country through agricultural activities.

30
Q

What characterizes the cold weather season in India?

A

Cool days and cold nights.

31
Q

What winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?

A

The southwest monsoon winds.

32
Q

Define monsoons.

A

Seasonal winds that bring significant rainfall to the Indian subcontinent.

33
Q

What is meant by ‘break’ in monsoon?

A

A temporary pause in monsoon rainfall.

34
Q

Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?

A

It provides water necessary for agricultural activities across India.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a _______ months.

A

few

36
Q

True or False: The Tamil Nadu coast receives summer rainfall.

A

False

37
Q

What are the controls affecting the climate of India?

A

Latitude, altitude, pressure and wind systems, distance from the sea.

38
Q

Which part of India experiences the highest diurnal range of temperature?

A

The interior regions of the Deccan plateau.

39
Q

Describe the weather conditions during the cold season in India.

A

Cool days with cold nights, less humidity, and clear skies.

40
Q

Why does rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India?

A

Due to the orographic effect and the rain shadow area.

41
Q

What are the characteristics and effects of monsoon rainfall in India?

A

Seasonal heavy rainfall, supports agriculture, can cause floods.

SST Grade 9 (6 decks)

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