Democracy AO1 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of democracy does Switzerland have?

A

Direct democracy

Switzerland is not reliant on the political class, and laws have the people’s mandate.

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2
Q

How many signatures are needed in Switzerland to trigger a vote on a petition?

A

50,000 signatures

1% of voters’ signatures are required to trigger a vote.

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3
Q

What is the number of signatures required in Switzerland to propose a new law?

A

100,000 signatures

This can happen regardless of the government’s wishes.

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4
Q

What significant event regarding nuclear power occurred in Switzerland in 2003?

A

Switzerland voted against the provision of nuclear power

It was the first country to do so.

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5
Q

How many referendums does Switzerland have approximately each year?

A

About 4 referendums

This is an average count.

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6
Q

What was banned in Switzerland in 1895 that affected the Jewish community?

A

Ritual slaughter of animals

This limited Swiss Jews’ ability to secure kosher meat products.

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7
Q

What accusation arose from the 1895 ban on ritual slaughter in Switzerland?

A

Xenophobia

The ban led to accusations that Swiss referenda play into xenophobia.

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8
Q

What is the average voter turnout in Switzerland?

A

46.40%

This reflects the participation rate in referendums.

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9
Q

According to Plato, who are the only people equipped to govern?

A

Philosopher Kings

Plato believed that only certain elites have the capability to govern effectively.

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10
Q

Is the Constitution in the UK entrenched?

A

No, it is not entrenched

The Human Rights Act can be overturned.

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11
Q

What right does the UK have concerning the ECHR?

A

UK can withdraw from ECHR

This reflects the UK’s sovereignty in legal matters.

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12
Q

What does the Terrorism Act (2000) allow?

A

Detention of terror suspects without trial

This act raised concerns about civil liberties.

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13
Q

What did the Terrorism Act (2006) extend?

A

Holding period to 28 days

This was an extension of the detention period for suspects.

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14
Q

What restrictions were imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic?

A

Lockdown restricted rights to move freely

This affected many civil liberties.

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15
Q

What does the prohibition of voting rights for prisoners violate?

A

Right to vote

This has been a contentious legal issue.

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16
Q

What was the controversy surrounding Blair’s ID cards?

A

Removal of collective rights

This raised concerns about privacy and personal freedoms.

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17
Q

What happened in 2014 involving a Christian-run bakery?

A

Refused to make a cake with ‘Support Gay Marriage’ slogan

This case highlighted conflicts between religious freedom and anti-discrimination laws.

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18
Q

What policy did a Hindi school implement regarding admissions?

A

Rejected non-Hindi children

This raised questions about discrimination and inclusivity.

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19
Q

What is the significance of the Magna Carta (1215)?

A

Well protected

It is a foundational document for rights and liberties in the UK.

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20
Q

What flexibility does the Equality Act of 2010 have?

A

Moved with the times

This allows it to adapt to changing societal norms.

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21
Q

What must the UK judiciary consider regarding ECHR rulings?

A

Must take ECHR rulings into account

This influences legal decisions and rights protection.

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22
Q

What impact did legal rulings have on flights to Rwanda?

A

Prevented flights to Rwanda

This was a significant legal intervention regarding immigration policy.

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23
Q

What did the Human Rights Act do concerning ECHR rights?

A

Took 16 fundamental rights from ECHR and put them into UK law

This allows individuals to seek justice in UK courts before going to Strasbourg.

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24
Q

What is a consequence of wealthier pressure groups in the UK?

A

More funding and media coverage

This can lead to disproportionate influence on policy.

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25
Q

How is the BMA funded?

A

Through membership

This reflects the association’s reliance on its members for resources.

26
Q

What potential issue could arise from Age UK policy changes?

A

May upset other age groups

This highlights the complexities of intergenerational policy.

27
Q

negative

What can compromise and consultation between government and Pressure groups lead to?

A

A ‘deadlock’

This can hinder legislative progress.

55
Q

What is the membership count of 38 Degrees?

A

Over 2 million members

56
Q

What action did Cameron take regarding the privatization of UK forests?

A

Dropped plans after ½ million signed a petition

57
Q

Who wrote the 2019 Tory manifesto?

A

Colvile and Mirza

58
Q

What is the role of the BMA in health policy?

A

Input into health policy, issue briefings, start inquiries

59
Q

What does BAE stand for?

A

British Aerospace

60
Q

What is the purpose of The Howard League for Penal Reform?

A

Books for Prisoners

61
Q

What was the aim of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) in the 1980s?

A

Did not work

62
Q

What event did the Stop the War coalition focus on in 2003?

63
Q

True or False: RNT strikes were effective.

64
Q

What is a consequence of pressure groups canceling each other out?

A

XR vs. The Oil Lobby

65
Q

What was the government’s stance on BMA strikes?

A

Opposed by government

66
Q

What did the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) criticize?

67
Q

What can judicial review overturn?

A

Decisions made by individual ministers

68
Q

What did the 2015 Criminal Justice and Courts Act limit?

A

Role of Pressure Groups and Charities in Judicial Reviews

69
Q

What became more accessible in 1998?

A

Human Rights Act (HRA)

70
Q

What does the Freedom of Information Act require from all bodies?

A

Uphold positive rights

71
Q

What significant act was passed in 2010?

A

Equality Act

72
Q

What can courts issue regarding incompatibility?

A

Declarations of Incompatibility

73
Q

What did Gillion and Quinton challenge in 2010?

A

Section 44 of Terrorism Act

74
Q

What was the Gurkha movement’s method of protest?

A

Hunger strike

75
Q

What does the safety of the Rwanda Bill propose?

A

Disapply sections of the HRA

76
Q

Can Declarations of Incompatibility be ignored?

77
Q

What does the 2022 Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act restrict?

A

Unacceptable protest

78
Q

What campaign was launched by 3 mothers in 1998?

A

Snowdrop Campaign (anti-gun)

79
Q

What does PETA focus on?

A

Animal rights cases

80
Q

What does the Electoral Reform Society advocate for?

A

Electoral reform

81
Q

What is the role of the Muslim Council of Britain in government meetings?

A

Advocate for more representative policies

82
Q

Why are pressure groups considered accountable?

A

They do in-depth research

83
Q

What was the general election turnout for 18-24 year olds in 2017?

84
Q

Fill in the blank: 16-17 year olds are more easily influenced by _______.

85
Q

What percentage of 16-17 year olds have a social media account?

86
Q

At what age do our brains fully develop?

87
Q

True or False: 18 year olds were originally allowed to vote.

88
Q

What significant event occurred in 2014 regarding voting?

A

Scottish referendum allowed over 100,000 16-17s to vote

89
Q

Why should 16-17 year olds be able to vote according to arguments presented?

A

They can pay tax, join the army, are criminally responsible