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Politics > Democracy and Participation > Flashcards

Democracy and Participation Flashcards

1
Q

How many people could vote in the 1800s?

A

By the early 1800s, only 400,000 people could vote

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2
Q

Tell me about the:

1832 Great Reform Act

A
  • Many rotten boroughs were abolished, and representation was given to urban areas like Manchester.
  • In the counties, more people were given the franchise, like tenant farmers.
  • The Act gave the vote to middle class people in the boroughs, such as small landowners and shopkeepers.
  • Most working men could not vote still because the Act still required property.
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3
Q

Tell me about the:

1918 Rep of the People Act

A

• 1918 Representation of the People Act
• The 1918 Act let women vote in general elections.
o Women who were married, owned property, or graduates, and aged over 30 were given the vote
• All men aged over 21 were given the vote
• The 1918 Act was passed by the wartime coalition government.

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4
Q

Tell me about the:

1928 Rep of the People Act

A
  • The 1928 Act extended suffrage to all women.
  • The 1928 Act was passed under a Conservative government.
  • The act passed partly because of pressure to give the vote to working class men without property who had served their country in the army.
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5
Q

Tell me about the:

1969 Rep of the People Act

A
  • 1969 Representation of the People Act
  • The 1969 Act extended suffrage to people under 21, after attitudes towards adulthood changed in the UK.
  • The 1969 Act was passed under a Labour government.
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6
Q

Tell me about the:

Magna Carta

A

• Magna Carta, 1215:

o Restrictions were imposed on the monarchy to stop the monarch from abusing power.

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7
Q

Tell me about the:

Bill of Rights

A

• Bill of Rights, 1689:
o The Bill of Rights introduced more limits on the power of the monarchy.
• The Bill of Rights also introduced rights of parliament such as free elections and, parliamentary free speech

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8
Q

Tell me about the:

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), 1953:

A

The ECHR was signed by the UK in 1951, and came into force in 1953. Signing this meant that all UK government actions needed to be in compliance with the ECHR
Includes articles such as the right to life, and the right to freedom from torture.

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9
Q

Tell me about the:

European Court of Justice, 1973:

A

After the UK joined the European Economic Community, the European Court of Justice protected the rights of UK workers.

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10
Q

Tell me about the:

Data Protection Act, 1984

A

The Data Protection Act protected the personal information that public organisations held people’s personal information which public organisations held.

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11
Q

Tell me about the:

Human Rights Act, 1998

A

The Human Rights Act meant that the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) became codified into British law

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12
Q

Tell me about the:

Freedom of Information Act

A

The FOIA allowed UK citizens to access some information held by UK public institutions. However, some information, for example relating to national security cannot be accessed.

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13
Q

Tell me about the:

Equality Act, 2010

A

The Act brought together all UK anti-discriminatory measures into a single document.

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14
Q

What are the 5 functions of pressure groups?

A 
Functions of pressure groups:
•	Influencing policy
•	Political education
•	Political participation
•	Political debate
•	Government scrutiny
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15
Q

What is a think tank?

A

Think tanks are a collection of experts who provide advice and solutions to specific political, social or economic problems. Think tanks can research policy, and influence policymakers.

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16
Q

What is the Legatum Institute and why is it important?

A

The Legatum Institute
• The Legatum Institute has gained an influence on parliament and government ministers who support Britain leaving the EU.
• The Legatum Institute proposed that Britain leaves the EU and removes tariffs.
o The Legatum Institute helped draw up a letter with Boris Johnson and Michael Gove to PM Theresa May which outlined certain Brexit demands.
o Legatum members held private meetings with civil servants and were referred to as having an influence by Michael Gove in the House of Commons.

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17
Q

What is Liberty and can you give an example of what it does/ role is?

A
  • AKA the National Council for Civil Liberties.
  • The biggest pressure group protecting civil liberties.
  • Aim to make sure freedom and rights of individuals and communities are protected.
  • Work by public campaigning, working with parliament, giving out free advice and analyse policy.
  • Not affiliated with any political party, and doesn’t receive government funding.
  • Currently campaigning to end indefinite detention and take the government to court over the Snooper’s Charter.
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18
Q

What is the example of culling that you can use to show the importance of being an insider pressure group?

A
  • The NFU led a campaign against bovine tuberculosis (bTB), which involves killing badgers which pass the disease on to cattle.
  • The NFU argue that bTB is incredibly harmful to farmers, and means that tens of thousands of cattle have to be killed every year.
  • BTB has been harmful and costs the economy in the UK £100 million per year.
  • The NFU had insider contacts at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
  • DEFRA supported the cull, and so a trial of the cull went ahead in 2012 and 2013.
  • This was despite lots of public opposition - in 2011 opinion polls showed that the majority of the British public were opposed.
  • Other pressure groups opposed the cull, led by the Badger Trust.
  • This shows the importance of insider access for successful policy action.
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19
Q

What is Unlock Democracy?

A
  • Formed as Charter88.
  • Campaign for democratic reform and a participatory democracy.
  • Campaign for a written constitution in the UK to protect the rights of citizens, empower local communities and institute proportional representation.
  • Grassroots campaign, so work in local communities at the ground-level.
  • Not affiliated with any political party.
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20
Q

Can you give 2 examples of how the Human Rights Act has been effectively used?

A

Examples of Use of the Act (Human Rights Act)
1. Abu Qatada, a Jordanian national who was deemed to have connections to terrorist groups, was not able to be deported in 2012 because evidence used against him was gained through torture.

  1. After the Hillsborough disaster, families of victims used the Human Rights Act to force an in-depth inquiry into the deaths.
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21
Q

What is substantive representation?

A

substantive representation (where the representatives advocate on behalf of certain groups).

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22
Q

What is descriptive representation?

A

descriptive representation (where the representatives share characteristics with their constituents).

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23
Q

Can you show why the gov. is not a good example of descriptive representation?

A

29% of MPs are privately educated, but only 7% of the UK is.

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24
Q

Can you give a constituency issue which shows why FPTP is failing?

A

In Belfast South in 2015, the winning candidate had 24.5% of the vote.

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25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE?

1.6 million people signed a petition to stop US President Donald Trump from making a State Visit to the UK.

A

MPs then debated Trump’s visit to Parliament and changed it from a ‘state visit’ to a ‘working visit’ in 2018.

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26
Q

Can you give me the basic BREXIT election stats?

A

33 million UK citizens voted on whether to remain a member of the EU or leave, 51.89% voted to leave.

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27
Q

How many people voted against the AV system in 2011?

A

Over 19 million citizens voted against adopting the Alternative Vote system and chose to keep the current First Past the Post (FPTP) system.

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28
Q

Do EU Parliament elections have a high voter turnout?
Can you gave a reason, yes or no?
If not, how can this impact the representation?

A

Turnout for EU Parliament elections in the UK was 35.6% in 2014 and as a result, more marginal and radical parties have seats.

UKIP won 26.6% of the UK popular vote in the European Parliament, but at the 2015 general election only won 12.6% of the vote.

29
Q

How much did the Cabinet office suggest was spent on the EU/BREXIT referendum?

A

The Cabinet Office estimated that the total cost of the 2016 EU Referendum was £142.4m (including the cost of running polling stations and counting votes).

30
Q

What vaccination was made accessible to children after an online petition was created?

A

Meningitis B

31
Q

How many people voted in the 2016 UK petition and what was it about?

A

4.1 million and banning Trumps visit to the UK

32
Q

What was the online petition which received the most signatures?

A

6.1 million and the calling for BREXIT to be cancelled.

33
Q

What was the General election turnout in 1964?

A

77.1%

34
Q

What was the General election turnout in 1974 Feb?

A

78.8%

35
Q

What was the General election turnout in 2001?

A

59.4%

36
Q

What was the General election turnout in 2017?

A

68.7%

37
Q

What was the General election turnout in 1979?

A

76%

38
Q

What inspired the high 1964 turnout?

A

Harold Wilsons ‘13 wasted years of tory rule’

39
Q

What inspired the high 1979 turnout?

A

Thatcher’s attack on Callaghan’s ‘Winter of Discontent’

40
Q

Who went against Blair for PM?

A

William Hague

41
Q

By how did did referendum participation increase regarding EEC/EU?

A

7.6%
(1975-64.6%)
(2016-72.2%)

42
Q

Turnout of 2016 US presidential election?

A

55.7%

43
Q

Turnout of 2017 Dutch election?

A

81.9%

44
Q

Membership of Labour 2018?

A

552,000

45
Q

Membership of Tories 2018?

A

124,000

46
Q

London Mayoral election turnout? (2016)

A

45.3%

47
Q

Manchester Mayoral election turnout? (2017)

A

29.9%

48
Q

What was the average participation in the police and crime commissioner elections of 2016?

A

25%

49
Q

How has turnout in the devolved assemblies changed?

A

decreased

50
Q

By how much as the turnout of the Scottish Parliament changed?

A

1999- 59.1%

2016- 55.6%

51
Q

In 2004 the North East General Assembly was announced. How much was it not wanted?

A

78% against it

52
Q

What are the circumstances of the Recall of MPs act?

A
  • Sentenced in Prison
  • Suspended from Commons for +21 days
  • False expenses claims
53
Q

How many political allies did Cameron promote to Lords before leaving office in 2016?

A

13

54
Q

Which MP survived recall from the Recall of MP Act after false expenses claims?

A

Ian Paisley Jnr (2018)
Didn’t declare that his holiday has been paid by the Sri Lankan Gov.
However, only 9.4% of constituents signed the permission and they need 10%

55
Q

What MP was the one who won an open primary?

A

Sarah Wollaston in Totnes 2009

56
Q

Conservative vote share in 2015?

A

36.9%

57
Q

Conservative vote share in 2017?

A

42.4%

58
Q

Labour vote share in 2015?

A

30.4%

59
Q

Labour vote share in 2017?

A

40%

60
Q

LibDem vote share in 2015?

A

7.9%

61
Q

LibDem vote share in 2017?

A

7.4%

62
Q

SNP vote share in 2015?

A

4.7%

63
Q

SNP vote share in 2017?

A

3%

64
Q

UKIP vote share in 2015?

A

12.6%

65
Q

UKIP vote share in 2017?

A

1.8%

66
Q

Con and Lab share of votes in 2015?

A

67.3%

67
Q

Con and Lab share of votes in 2017?

A

82.4%

68
Q

Con and Lab share of seats in 2015?

A

86%

69
Q

Con and Lab share of seats in 2017?

A

89%

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