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Neuroscience II > Dementias, Tumors, and Diseases of Nervous System > Flashcards

Dementias, Tumors, and Diseases of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

diseases review

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

CNS demyelination

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2
Q

diseases review

What is amyotropic lateral sclerosis?

A

Motor neuron disease

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3
Q

diseases review

What is Guillain Barre?

A

PNS demyelination

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4
Q

diseases review

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

Neuromuscular junction disease

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5
Q

diseases review

What is Parkinson’s disease?

A

Basal ganglia disease

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6
Q

diseases review

What is Huntington’s disease?

A

Basal ganglia disease

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7
Q

diseases review

What is Wilson’s disease?

A

Basal ganglia disease

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8
Q

Name three examples of metastatic tumors of the CNS

A

Lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma

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9
Q

Symptoms of tumors of the CNS depend on…

A

location

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10
Q

The most common brain tumors are…

A

of the CNS

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11
Q

One lesion of the CNS is usually treated by…

A

excision

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12
Q

Multiple or non-surgical lesions are usually treated by…

A

radiation

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13
Q

primary brain tumors

Glioma includes…

A
  • astrocytoma I, II, III, IV (glioblastoma multiforme)
  • oligodendroglioma
  • ependymoma
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14
Q

primary brain tumors

Most pediatric glioma affects…

A

posterior fossa

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15
Q

primary brain tumors

Pediatric glioma includes…

A
  • cerebellar astrocytoma I
  • medulloblastoma
  • ependymoma
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16
Q

primary brain tumors

Meningioma arise from…

A

arachnoid villi

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17
Q

primary brain tumors

Meningioma causes…

A

headaches (usually benign but sometimes non-resectable)

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18
Q

primary brain tumors

Pituitary adenoma is secreting ___, or is ___

A

secreting prolactin (treated with DA), GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, or is non-functioning

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19
Q

primary brain tumors

Pituitary adenoma may compress…

A

optic chiasm

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20
Q

primary brain tumors

Schwannoma is also known as…

A

acoustic neuroma

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21
Q

primary brain tumors

Pineal tumors may compress ___, causing ___.

A

may compress aqueduct, causing hydrocephalus

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22
Q

primary brain tumors

Pineal tumors cause which syndrome?

A

Parinaud’s syndrome

23
Q

Name 6 primary brain tumors

A
  1. glioma
  2. meningioma
  3. pituitary adenoma
  4. schwannoma (acoustic neuroma)
  5. lymphoma
  6. pineal tumors
24
Q

nervous system infections

What type of infection is meningitis? Where does it occur?

A

Bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, CSF infection

25
Q

nervous system infections

What are five symptoms of meningitis?

A
  • headache
  • lethargy
  • photophobia
  • fever
  • nuchal rigidity
26
Q

nervous system infections

What is Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease?

A

Prion-related spongiform appearance of brain

27
Q

nervous system infections

What are five symptoms of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease?

A
  • progressive dementia
  • exaggerated startle response
  • myoclonus
  • hallucinations
  • ataxia
28
Q

dementias

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Cerebral atrophy with beta amyloid plaques and microtubule related tau neurofibrillary tangles

29
Q

dementias

Which dementia involves tangles prominent in cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynart?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

30
Q

dementias

Which dementia involves tangles prominent in the septal area?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

31
Q

dementias

Which dementia involves tangles of diagonal band of Broca?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

32
Q

dementias

Which dementia involves tangles, to a lesser extent, of noradrenergic locus caeruleus?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

33
Q

dementias

Which dementia involves tangles, to a lesser extent, of serotoninergic Raphe nuclei?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

34
Q

dementias

Cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynart, septal area, and nucleus of diagonal band of Broca are sometimes referred to as the __ and are located deep to the ___.

A

referred to as the substantia innominata and are located deep to the anterior perforated substance

35
Q

dementias

___ in substantia nigra are seen in Parkinson’s disease.

A

Lewy bodies

36
Q

dementias

Lewy bodies are located in…

A

substantia nigra

37
Q

dementias

Lewy bodies in substantia nigra are seen in…

A

Parkinson’s disease

38
Q

dementias

Dementia with Lewy bodies is consistent or fluctuating?

A

Fluctuating

39
Q

dementias

Dementia with Lewy bodies includes what symptoms?

A
  • fluctuating dementia
  • Parkinsonism
  • REM sleep disorders like acting out dreams
  • disruptions of ANS
40
Q

dementias

Dementia with Lewy bodies usually coexists with…

A

Alzheimer’s disease

41
Q

Name four symptom types of frontotemporal lobar degeneration pick disease

A
  1. behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
  2. progressive non-fluent aphasia
  3. semantic aphasia
  4. progressive supranuclear palsy
42
Q

What is behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia?

A

Changes in personality and cognition with initially intact memory

43
Q

What is progressive non-fluent aphasia?

A

Difficulty using words and eventually loss of ability to communicate

44
Q

What is semantic aphasia?

A

Inability to understand language

45
Q

What are three symptoms of progressive supranuclear palsy?

A
  • motor and balance symptoms
  • Parkinsonism
  • inability to look down
46
Q

Vascular dementia is also known as…

A

multi-infarct dementia, Binswagner disease, small vessel disease

47
Q

Vascular dementia results from…

A

brain ischemia and hypoperfusion

48
Q

What increases the risk of vascular damage?

A

Hypertension and diabetes

49
Q

Unlike Lewy body dementia, Parkinson’s disease with dementia…

A

has cognitive decline occurring years after the onset of motor symptoms

50
Q

Huntington’s disease is a type of…

A

dementia

51
Q

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy?

A

Thiamine deficiency characterized by Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s amnesia

52
Q

Thiamine deficiency can lead to what disease?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy

53
Q

Dementia pugilistica is a variant of ___ resulting from ___.

A

a variant of chronic traumatic encephalopathy resulting from repeated head injury

54
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a type of…

A

dementia

Neuroscience II (9 decks)

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