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exercise is med > dementia/Mental health > Flashcards

dementia/Mental health Flashcards

1
Q

aspects of alzheimers

A

60-80% of all cases

  • impaired cognition, perturbation in brain energy metabolism
  • hippocampus first region to suffer damage
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2
Q

Two aspects of the patholody of dementia

A

Neurofibrillary tangels

  • hyperphosphorylated tau proteins
  • coorelated to progression

Amyloid b plaque
- pro. fragments built up between neurons
-interfere w synaptic signaling
(microglia may be activated to clean up but can cause release of tnfa and IL6)

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3
Q

neuroinflammation in dementia causes

A

activated microglia
-TNFa, IL6, increase ROS

Apolipoprotien E4

  • mitochondrial dysfunction
  • inhibits neutrite outgrowth
  • enhances tau phosphorylation

mito dysfunction in brain
-too much ca in mito opens MPTP and releases cytochrome c + A1F which leads to apoptosis

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4
Q

ROS and brain

A
  • brain is extremely suseptible to oxidative stress (uses alot of mito therefor big risk of ROS prod
  • brain is made of poly unsaturated fats which ROS attacks easily
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5
Q

How mito dysfunction leads to apoptosis

A

oxidative stress–> MTDNA mutations–> disruptions in ca homeostasis–> MPTP opening–> releases apoptic signaling

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6
Q

Brain hypometabolism (3 aspects)

A
  1. decreased GLUT1/3 expression
    - cant get enough glu to brain= state of stress= ROS prod=neural apoptosis
  2. Decreased cerebral BF
    - periferal obesity=hypertension
    - -which puts strain on CV system
  3. Impaired insulin signaling
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7
Q

Pathway of systematic inflamation in brain

A
  1. Peripheral obesity-> adiposity
  2. chronic low grade inflamation
  3. releases cytokines (TNFa, IL6)
  4. pass blood brain barriers (activates microglia
  5. Chronic neuroinflamation
  6. Activates MAPKs
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8
Q

MAPKs effect

A
  • increase neuronal apoptosis
  • increase BACE1 (regulates prod of AB)
  • Phosphorylation of APP by JNK
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9
Q

TNFa and JNK affects

A
  • directly inhibits IRS1

- leads to impaired insulin signaling

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10
Q

Exercise effects on brain

A

Increase NOS, eNOS, increase BDNF, IGF1, Antioxidants

all lead to- increase cerebral BF, angiogenesis, neuroplasticity, lowers inflamation, increasess dendric density

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11
Q

BDNF effects on brain

A
  • proliferation of hippocampal neurons
  • enhances synaptic plasticity/ neurogenesis
  • improves learning/memory
  • inhibits neuroinflamation + apoptosis
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12
Q

IGF1 effects on brain

A
  • proliferation of hippocampal neurons (more synapses= more buffered against the plaques, can afford to lose more)
  • improves insulin sensitivity
  • increase BDNF
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13
Q

Irisin effects on brain

A
  • proliferation of hippocampal neurons
  • enhances synaptic plasticitu and neurogenesis
  • browning of WAT
  • Stim AKT/MTOr path
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14
Q

Exercise training on mitochondria

A
  • increase antioxidant capacity
  • decrease apoptic markers
  • increase biogenesis
  • increase HSP
  • reduce BACE 1 content
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15
Q

depression symptoms

A
  • persistant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness
  • irritability, frusturation
  • loss of interest
  • fatigue
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16
Q

Neurotransmitter cause of depression

A

Dopamine, Serotonin, epi/norepinephrine

17
Q

Modulating factors, biological mechanisms and immunological alterations for depression

A

moderating
-age, stress, env.

Biological Mech

  • corticotropin releasing horomone
  • increase hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis
  • increase sympathetic nervous system

immunological

  • immunosupression
  • inflamation ( increase proinflamatory)
18
Q

HPA axis senses

19
Q

What causes adrenal resistance and elevated cortisol

A

Stress
poor nutrition
psychological stress
chronic inflamation

20
Q

Symptoms of high cortisol

A
  • increase Blood sugar
  • increase BP
  • insomnia
  • lowered immune function

-usually when cortisol is activated it blocks insulin so more gucose is available for stressfull times but when it is activated at all times it causes probs

21
Q

Exercise mechanisms for lowering stress

A
  • decreases cortisol (HPA axis)
  • decreases NFKb–> increases AKT/Mtor pathway
  • Increases monoamines–> increase dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin
22
Q

exercise effects on myokines

A

exercise increases acute levels of IL6 which inhibits pro inflammatory cytokines

23
Q

Neurogenesis factors w exercise

A
  • increase BDNF
  • increase IGF1
  • increase adiponection
  • increase GABA/Serotonin
  • Increase l trypotaphan which is converted to B# the serotonin
  • decrease ROS

exercise is med (5 decks)

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