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Neuro PT 2 > Dementia- Jason Rucker > Flashcards

Dementia- Jason Rucker Flashcards

1
Q

cognition according to Temple Grandin

A

cognition is thinking without language

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2
Q

temporo-parietal areas of cognition

A 
knowledge aquisition
comprehension
thinking
knowing
remembering
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3
Q

frontal areas of cognition

A

judgement
problem solving
imagination
planning

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4
Q

sensory memory

A

< 1 sec

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5
Q

working memory

A

< 1 min, trying to remember a phone number until u can dial it

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6
Q

long term memory

A

2 types: explicit memory- conscious

implicit memory- unconscious

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7
Q

implicit memory breaks down into

A

procedural memory (skills)

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8
Q

explicit memory breaks down into

A

declaritive memory (facts and events)

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9
Q

declaritive memory breaks down into

A

episodic- autobiographical

semantic- facts, concepts

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10
Q

cognition thought process

A

1) occipital lobe- what is it?
2) temporal lobe- how does it relate to me?
3) limbic system- how do i feel about it
4) frontal lobe- what do i think about it

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11
Q

when does brain aging begin?

A

age 20-30

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12
Q

what happens with brain aging?

A

dec. cap and arteriole density
dec. blood flow
dec. brain weight
inc. ventricular volume
inc. subarachnoid space
inc. reliance on procedural memory
decisions replaced by routine and ritual

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13
Q

mild cognitive impairment

A

impairments in thinking and memory that do not interfere with everyday activities, most of these ppl will eventually convert to dementia

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14
Q

amnestic type

A

memory lost

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15
Q

multi-domain

A

judgement and or language

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16
Q

S&S of MCI

A

forgetting names
losing objects
forgets items on a list
forgets multiple step tasks
unable to recall info after a distraction
score of greater than or equal to 1 SD blow the mean on a memory test

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17
Q

diagnosing MCI

A 
reaction time
dual task performance
word fluency
category fluency
delayed verbal recall
narrative recall
name-face pair recall
complex figure copying
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18
Q

what is a disturbance of consciousness/change in cognition that is acute and transient (lasts only hours to days)

A

delirium

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19
Q

how do u diagnose delirium?

A
  1. acute onset and fluctuating course
  2. altered level of consciousness
  3. inattention
  4. disorganized thinking
    diagnosis requires presence of both 1 and 2 and either 3 OR 4
20
Q

Define dementia

A

syndrome of impairment in memory and at least one other cog. ability
-language, visuospatial fxn, executive fxn

21
Q

what is visuospatial fxn?

A

recognizing objects

22
Q

early signs of dementia

A 
forgetful
confused
wt. loss
 sleep disturbances
gait abnormalities
ADL deficits
23
Q

how does beta amyloid and tau proteins contribute to pathology of AD

A

beta amyloid proteins acumulate outside the neurons (plaques)
tau proteins accumulation inside neurons (tangles)

24
Q

what is the gene that causes increased risk of AD

A

ApoE4

25
Q

Cognitive AD symps

A 
disorientation
loss of reasonig
loss of insight
poor judgement
perceptual problems
inability to perform arithmetic
inability to learn
loss of attention
language impairment
apathy
withdrawl
impaired ADLs
26
Q

non-cognitive AD symps

A 
paranoia
delusions
sleep disturbance
hallucinations
agitation
aggression
wandering
sundowning
anxiety
depression
hostility
fear
jealousy
insecurity
27
Q

Diagnostic criteria for AD

A

1) deficit in memory and at least one other cognitive domain
2) decline from previous function that interferes with social or occupational fxn
3) gradual onset and continuous decline >6 mo.
4) symps are proven not to be secondary to systemic disease, CNS, psychiatric or drug induced conditions

28
Q

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)

A

2nd most common cause of demenia behind AD, presents more like a stroke than like dementia

29
Q

Symps of VCI

A 
hemiparesis
visual probs
incontinence
pseudobulbar signs
probs with exec. fxn
psychomotor impairment
personality changes
hyperreflexia
giat deficits
30
Q

Types of VCI

A

multi-infarct dementia
binswanger’s diesase
CADASIL
> migraine related

31
Q

Frontotemporal Dementias

A

orbitofrontal area- monitoring
Anterior cingulate- motivation
dorsolateral prefrontal areas- exec. fxn

32
Q

Pick’s disease

A

pick bodies (accumulation of tau proteins) in neurons

33
Q

symps of pick’s disease

A 
>aggressive, inappropriate behavior
>early onset of lang. pathology
>incontinence
>sociopathic, obsessive, stereotyped behaviors,
>may occur with parkinsonism
34
Q

Semantic demtia

A

left temporal dysfunction,
loss of semantic memory and knowledge
initial sparing of episodic memory and other cog. fxns,
impairment of language syntax and phonology
may progress to FTD in 5-10 years
(lady who couldn’t identify pen and scissors)

35
Q

PPA (primary progressive aphasia)

a lot like brocas aphasia

A

> loss of expressive language, can’t get words out!
comprehension often spared
progresses to full FTD

36
Q

Lewy-body dementia

A

accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein inside neural nuclei

37
Q

LBD is closely associated with what disease?

A

PD

38
Q

symps of LBD

A
  • striking flucuations in cognition
  • visual hallucinations
  • bradykinesia
  • parkinsonian posture and gait
  • tremor is less common
39
Q

what is a distinguising feature about LBD

A

visual cortex involvement

40
Q

other types of dementia

A
  • huntingtons chorea
  • prion diseases- KURU and Creutzfeld-Jacob
  • normal pressure hydrocephalus
  • PD (basal ganglia interacts with pre-frontal cortex)
41
Q

ahnodenia

A

loss of pleasure, enjoyment

42
Q

stage 1 AD

A 
>Stage 1: 2-4 years
repeats questions
anhedonia
word finding problems
loses items
personality changes
43
Q

Stage 2 AD

A 
>Stage 2: 2-10 years
gets lost easily
confusion over recent events
ADL impirments
argumenative
pacing
axiety/depression
delusions
44
Q

Stage 3 AD

A 
>stage 3,  1-3 years
unable to do ADLs
impaired speech
impaired comprehension
unable to recognize loved ones
unable to recognize self
45
Q

FTD diagnostic criteria

A 
2 of the following: loss of personal awareness
strange eating habits
perseveration
mood change
at least 1 of the following:
exec. dysfunction
impaired speech
intact visuospatial fxn
46
Q

FTD work group criteria

A

> cognitive deficits marked by:
-early, progressive personality or behavioral changes
-early, progressive expressive or semantic language changes
impairment in social or occupational fxn
gradual onset and continual decline
not due to other medical or psychiatric condition
absence of delirium

Neuro PT 2 (12 decks)

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