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Geriatric PT > Dementia & AD > Flashcards

Dementia & AD Flashcards

1
Q

A disease marked by a gradual loss of cognitive functioning

A

Dementia

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2
Q

Dementia results in

A

Loss of motor, emotional, and social functioning
Interference of ADLs

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3
Q

Symptoms of Dementia (1)

A

Memory loss
Challenges in problem solving
Difficulty in performing familiar tasks and activities
Confusion about time, place, and people
Trouble understanding spatial relationships

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4
Q

Presentations of Dementia in the Early Stage

A

Forgetfulness
Confusion
Disorientation
Personality changes

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5
Q

Pts with early AD has presents in disorientation with what activities?

A

Problem-solving
Judgment
Decision Making
Spatial relationships

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6
Q

Pts with early AD experience what type of personality changes?

A

Irritable
Sad (depression)
Agitated
Manic episodes

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7
Q

What are the causes of Dementia?

A

Neurological
Vascular
Inherited
Infections

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8
Q

Symptoms of Dementia (2)

A

Has a problem when communicating
Misplacing things, losing the ability to retrace steps
Decreased or poor judgment
Participation restriction
Mood and personality changes

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9
Q

Incidence of Dementia

A

50% of people over 80 y/o develop AD

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10
Q

How can Dementia be diagnosed?

A

Neurophysiological exam
Imaging/Lab tests

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11
Q

What are the lab tests used to diagnose Dementia?

A

CT/MRI
Blood Tests
Metabolic tests
EEG

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12
Q

What are the two types of dementia?

A

Cortical
Subcortical

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13
Q

What are the two forms of cortical dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s and Cretzfeldt-Jakob

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14
Q

Clinical presentations of pts with cortical dementia

A

Memory and language deficits (Aphasia)

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15
Q

Clinical presentations of subcortical dementia

A

Little to no memory and language deficits
Pts presents with changes in personality and attention span

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16
Q

Alertness in patients with cortical dementia

A

Normal

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17
Q

Alertness in pts with subcortical dementia

A

Slowed up

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18
Q

Attention in pts with cortical dementia.

A

normal early

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19
Q

Attention in pts with subcortical dementia.

A

Impaired

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20
Q

Executive function in pts with cortical dementia.

A

Normal early

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21
Q

Executive function in pts with subcortical dementia.

A

Impaired

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22
Q

Episodic memory in pts with cortical dementia.

A

Amnesia

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23
Q

Episodic memory in pts with subcortical dementia.

A

Forgetfulness

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24
Q

Language in pts with cortical dementia.

A

Aphasic

25
Q

Language in pts with subcortical dementia.

A

Reduced output

26
Q

Praxis in pts with cortical dementia.

A

Apraxia

27
Q

Praxis in pts with subcortical dementia.

A

Relatively normal

28
Q

Perception +- visual/spatial in pts with cortical dementia.

A

Impaired

29
Q

Perception +- visual/spatial in pts with subcortical dementia.

A

Impaired

30
Q

Personality in pts with cortical dementia.

A

Preserved

31
Q

Personality in pts with subcortical dementia.

A

Apathetic, inert

32
Q

Progressive disorder in which neurons deteriorate

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

33
Q

AD results in loss of:

A

Cognitive function
Judgment
Reasoning
Movement coordination
Pattern recognition

34
Q

Surrounded by deteriorating plaques

A

Neuritic

35
Q

Twisted remains of a protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles

36
Q

Functions of the frontal lobe

A

Problem-solving
Judgment
Planning
Expression
Behavior
Personality
Attention

37
Q

Functions of the parietal lobe

A

Sense of touch, taste, and smell
Spatial and Visual perception
Academic skills

38
Q

Functions of the occipital lobe

A

Visual perception
Visual interpretation
Reading perception and recognition

39
Q

Functions of the temporal lobe

A

Understanding language
Organization and sequencing
Information retrieval
Memory
Feelings

40
Q

Functions of the cerbellum

A

Coordination of voluntary movement
Balance and equilibrium
Some memory for reflex motor

41
Q

What does the late stage of AD require?

A

Total dependence and inactivity

41
Q

Functions of the brain stem

A

Vital processes
Sense of balance
Swallowing
Sweating
RAS/Melatonin

41
Q

Incidence of Alzheimer’s

A

15-25% of people aging 85 y/o are affected

42
Q

Risk factors of AD

A

Family Hx
Down Syndrome
Chronic HTN
Head Injuries
Gender

43
Q

How is AD diagnosed?

A

Biomarkers
Imaging
Gene Testing
Assessment tools

44
Q

What is the imaging used for diagnosing AD?

A

MRI
CT
PET

45
Q

What are the assessment tools used for AD?

A

Mini-mental state exam
Mini Cog
Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam

46
Q

Symptoms of AD (1)

A

Loss of Memory
Triple A
Delusions
Easily lost and confused
Inability to learn new tasks

47
Q

Symptoms of AD (2)

A

Loss of judgment and reason
Loss of inhibitions and belligerence
Social withdrawal
Visual hallucinations

48
Q

Characteristics of Early AD

A

Forgetfulness
Disorientation and confusion
Personality changes

49
Q

Intervention for Early AD

A

Medications
Counselling
Music therapy

50
Q

Medications used for Early AD

A

Aricept
Cognex

51
Q

What does aricept and cognex do?

A

Increase ACH in the brain

52
Q

Characteristics of Middle Stage AD

A

Need assistance c ADLs
Unable to remember names
Loss of short-term recall
May display anxious, agitated, delusional, or obsessive behavior
May be physically or verbally aggressive

53
Q

Interventions of Middle Stage AD

A

Validation therapy
Structured areas for mobility
Music therapy

54
Q

Characteristics of Late Stage AD

A

loss of verbal articulation
loss of ambulation
Bowel and blader incontinence
Extended sleep patterns
Unresponsive to most stimuli

55
Q

Intervention for Late Stage AD

A

Caring for physical needs
Maintain integrity of skin
Medical
Music therapy

56
Q
A

Geriatric PT (6 decks)

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