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Dementia & AD Flashcards

1
Q

A disease marked by a gradual loss of cognitive functioning

A

Dementia

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2
Q

Dementia results in

A

Loss of motor, emotional, and social functioning
Interference of ADLs

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3
Q

Symptoms of Dementia (1)

A

Memory loss
Challenges in problem solving
Difficulty in performing familiar tasks and activities
Confusion about time, place, and people
Trouble understanding spatial relationships

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4
Q

Presentations of Dementia in the Early Stage

A

Forgetfulness
Confusion
Disorientation
Personality changes

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5
Q

Pts with early AD has presents in disorientation with what activities?

A

Problem-solving
Judgment
Decision Making
Spatial relationships

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6
Q

Pts with early AD experience what type of personality changes?

A

Irritable
Sad (depression)
Agitated
Manic episodes

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7
Q

What are the causes of Dementia?

A

Neurological
Vascular
Inherited
Infections

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8
Q

Symptoms of Dementia (2)

A

Has a problem when communicating
Misplacing things, losing the ability to retrace steps
Decreased or poor judgment
Participation restriction
Mood and personality changes

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9
Q

Incidence of Dementia

A

50% of people over 80 y/o develop AD

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10
Q

How can Dementia be diagnosed?

A

Neurophysiological exam
Imaging/Lab tests

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11
Q

What are the lab tests used to diagnose Dementia?

A

CT/MRI
Blood Tests
Metabolic tests
EEG

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12
Q

What are the two types of dementia?

A

Cortical
Subcortical

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13
Q

What are the two forms of cortical dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s and Cretzfeldt-Jakob

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14
Q

Clinical presentations of pts with cortical dementia

A

Memory and language deficits (Aphasia)

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15
Q

Clinical presentations of subcortical dementia

A

Little to no memory and language deficits
Pts presents with changes in personality and attention span

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16
Q

Alertness in patients with cortical dementia

A

Normal

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17
Q

Alertness in pts with subcortical dementia

A

Slowed up

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18
Q

Attention in pts with cortical dementia.

A

normal early

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19
Q

Attention in pts with subcortical dementia.

A

Impaired

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20
Q

Executive function in pts with cortical dementia.

A

Normal early

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21
Q

Executive function in pts with subcortical dementia.

A

Impaired

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22
Q

Episodic memory in pts with cortical dementia.

A

Amnesia

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23
Q

Episodic memory in pts with subcortical dementia.

A

Forgetfulness

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24
Q

Language in pts with cortical dementia.

25
Language in pts with subcortical dementia.
Reduced output
26
Praxis in pts with cortical dementia.
Apraxia
27
Praxis in pts with subcortical dementia.
Relatively normal
28
Perception +- visual/spatial in pts with cortical dementia.
Impaired
29
Perception +- visual/spatial in pts with subcortical dementia.
Impaired
30
Personality in pts with cortical dementia.
Preserved
31
Personality in pts with subcortical dementia.
Apathetic, inert
32
Progressive disorder in which neurons deteriorate
Alzheimer's Disease
33
AD results in loss of:
Cognitive function Judgment Reasoning Movement coordination Pattern recognition
34
Surrounded by deteriorating plaques
Neuritic
35
Twisted remains of a protein
Neurofibrillary tangles
36
Functions of the frontal lobe
Problem-solving Judgment Planning Expression Behavior Personality Attention
37
Functions of the parietal lobe
Sense of touch, taste, and smell Spatial and Visual perception Academic skills
38
Functions of the occipital lobe
Visual perception Visual interpretation Reading perception and recognition
39
Functions of the temporal lobe
Understanding language Organization and sequencing Information retrieval Memory Feelings
40
Functions of the cerbellum
Coordination of voluntary movement Balance and equilibrium Some memory for reflex motor
41
What does the late stage of AD require?
Total dependence and inactivity
41
Functions of the brain stem
Vital processes Sense of balance Swallowing Sweating RAS/Melatonin
41
Incidence of Alzheimer's
15-25% of people aging 85 y/o are affected
42
Risk factors of AD
Family Hx Down Syndrome Chronic HTN Head Injuries Gender
43
How is AD diagnosed?
Biomarkers Imaging Gene Testing Assessment tools
44
What is the imaging used for diagnosing AD?
MRI CT PET
45
What are the assessment tools used for AD?
Mini-mental state exam Mini Cog Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam
46
Symptoms of AD (1)
Loss of Memory Triple A Delusions Easily lost and confused Inability to learn new tasks
47
Symptoms of AD (2)
Loss of judgment and reason Loss of inhibitions and belligerence Social withdrawal Visual hallucinations
48
Characteristics of Early AD
Forgetfulness Disorientation and confusion Personality changes
49
Intervention for Early AD
Medications Counselling Music therapy
50
Medications used for Early AD
Aricept Cognex
51
What does aricept and cognex do?
Increase ACH in the brain
52
Characteristics of Middle Stage AD
Need assistance c ADLs Unable to remember names Loss of short-term recall May display anxious, agitated, delusional, or obsessive behavior May be physically or verbally aggressive
53
Interventions of Middle Stage AD
Validation therapy Structured areas for mobility Music therapy
54
Characteristics of Late Stage AD
loss of verbal articulation loss of ambulation Bowel and blader incontinence Extended sleep patterns Unresponsive to most stimuli
55
Intervention for Late Stage AD
Caring for physical needs Maintain integrity of skin Medical Music therapy
56

Geriatric PT (6 decks)

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