Cardiopulmonary System Flashcards
Heart Diseases
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Congestive Heart Failure (LCHF, RCHF)
Narrowing of arterial passageways as a result of the development of plaques on their interior walls
Atherosclerosis
Tissue deprived of adequate blood supply
Ischemia
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of
Hypertension
Too much damage to the vessels cause them to become
Fibrotic; vessels cannot expand
Values for normal BP
SBP: <120
DBP: <80
Values for Elevated BP/Pre-HTN
SBP: 120-129
DBP: <80
Values for Stage I HTN
SBP: 130-139
DBP: 80-89
Values for Stage II HTN
SBP: 140-149
DBP: 90-99
Values for HTN crisis
SBP: >160
DBP: >100
How do you get the pulse pressure?
SBP-DBP
What is the normal amount of pulse pressure?
40 mmHg
Characteristics of a widened PP
> 40 mmHg
SBP is too high compared to DBP
@ risk for heart disease
Characteristics of a narrowed PP
< 40 mmHg
@ risk for heart failure
A key factor in determining chronic kidney disease
The left ventricle is prone to:
Ventricular Hypertrophy
Collapse
What is present when there is an occlusion in the peripheries?
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
What is present when there is an occlusion in the brain?
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)/Stroke
What is present when there is an occlusion in the heart?
Cardiac arrest
What is present when there is an occlusion in the extremities?
Vascular Insufficiency
What is the location of the apical pulse?
5th L ICS of the mid-clavicular line
Right Heart Failure causes
Backflow of blood
Patients with RHF present with
Jugular Vein Distention
Edematous (may have liver/spleen enlargement)
Ascites (abnormal build-up of fluid in the belly)
Patients with LHF present with
Fatigue
Dyspnea - Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)
Crackles
LE Edema
Cyanosis
Factors that help BP to be sustained
Myocardial Oxygen Consumption
Contractility of the Myocardium
Electrical Conductivity
