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Neuroradiology > Dementia > Flashcards

Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

What type of dementia?

medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) and parietal atrophy.

A

Alzheimer’s disease- AD

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2
Q

What type of dementia?

(asymmetric) frontal lobe atrophy and atrophy of the temporal pole.

A

Frontotemporal Lobar degeneration - FTLD

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3
Q

What type of dementia?

global atrophy, diffuse white matter lesions, lacunes and ‘strategic infarcts’ (infarcts in regions that are involved in cognitive function).

A

Vascular dementia

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4
Q

What type of dementia?

usually no specific abnormalities.

A

Dementia with Lewy bodies- DLB

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5
Q

The Global Cortical Atrophy is best assessed on this sequence:

A

FLAIR

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6
Q

The Medial Temporal Atrophy is best assessed on this sequence:

A

Coronal T1

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7
Q

Scoring system used i Parietal atrophy

A

Koedam score for Parietal Atrophy

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8
Q

Scaling system for WM lesions

A

Fazekas scale for WM lesions

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9
Q

list the Koedam score for PL atrophy

A

0- no atrophy
1 - Mild widening of posterior cingulate and Parietooccipital sulci
2- substantial
3 - extreme

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10
Q

FDG PET findings for AD

A

Hypo metabolism in TP lobe and or posterior cingulum

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11
Q

Ddx AD from FTD on PET

A

AD : affects TP lobe

FTD: FL

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12
Q

MTA is assessed on these features (3)

A
  1. Width of choroid fissure
  2. Width of temporal horn
  3. Height of Hippocampal formation
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13
Q

Name the drug that is used for treatment of vascular dementia/ LB dementia

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

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14
Q

T/F?

FLAIR is a good sequence to look at infratentorial region and for spinal cord

A

FALSE

LIMITED use of FLAIR in these areas- It suppresses signal from water as well as pathology with long T1 relaxation time.

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15
Q

The FTLD is formerly known as…

A

Pick’s disease

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16
Q

How would patients with FTLD present with?

A

behavioural and language disturbances

17
Q

What is an asymmetrical FTLD?

A

In Semantic dementia, an FTLD subtype with progressive aphasia and Left sided TL degeneration

18
Q

What conditions associated with Lewy body dementia (3)

A
  1. Atypical parkinson syndrome
  2. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy- PSP
  3. Multi System Atrophy- MSA
19
Q

How would patients with LB dementia present?

A
  1. Detailed visual hallucination
  2. Parkinson like symptoms
  3. Fluctuations in alertness and attention
20
Q

PSP

A

Part of atypical parkinsonian syndrome, with atrophy of midbrain
Upward gaze paralysis

Hummingbird sign

21
Q

MSA

A

Combination of :

  • Parkinsonian : MSA - P
  • Cerebellar : MSA - C
  • Pyramid
  • Autonomic dysfunction : MSA - A ( formerly known as Shy- Drager syndrome)
22
Q

MSA - A is formerly known as…

A

Shy Drager syndrome

23
Q

Sign associated with MSA- C

A

Hot Cross Bun sign-

24
Q

Re CJD

  • What is it caused by?
  • How do they present?
A

Caused by Prion

Present with progressive dementia leading to :

  • memory loss
  • personality changes
  • hallucination
25
Q

Imaging CJD

A

Spongiform changes in the cortical and subcortical grey matter with loss of neurons and replacement by gliosis.

26
Q

What sequence is used to detect CJD

A

DWI

27
Q

Where is affected in mad cow disease?

A

posterior part of thalamus known as pulvinar

28
Q

Corticobasal degeneration- CBD

A

cognitive dysfunction with parkinson like symptoms .

29
Q

Typical manifestation of CBD

A

Alien hand syndrome

30
Q

MRI findings in CBD

A

asymmetrical parietal cortical atrophy with associated hyper intensities of the WM on T2

31
Q

Patients with huntingdon disease present with:

A

Early onset dementia
Choreoathetosis
Psychosis

32
Q

Imaging features of Huntingdon disease

A

Atrophy of caudate nucleus and subsequent enlargement of the frontal horns of the LV

33
Q

CADASIL

A

hereditary condition- progressive cognitive dysfunction; may present with migraine, stroke like episodes and behavioural disturbances.

34
Q

Imaging features of CADASIL

A

WM hyper intensities in FL and anterior TL with lacunar infarcts

Neuroradiology (6 decks)

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