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Jason's MD3 Aged Care-Palliative > Dementia > Flashcards

Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Vascular Dementia affects?

A

Depends on where the insult is.

Can Affects
Gait
Dysarthria, dysphagia
Incontience

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2
Q

Alzheimer’s Treatment?

A

Symptomatic treatment:
Hallucinations
Brady Cardia

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3
Q

Most common dementia in Australia?

Second most common?

A

Alzheimer’s

Vascular Disease

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4
Q

Common causes of Dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s
Vascular
Parkinson’s, Lewy Body

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5
Q

Why get collateral?

A

Confirm function/previous levels

Ask if it’s sudden

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6
Q

Most common risk factors for dementia?

A

Age
Education level

Genetics (more for younger onset dementias)
CVD risk factors: DMII, HTN, Obesity
Depression

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7
Q

3 Frontal lobe sections

A

Inferior: inhibitory
Anterolateral: planning, organization
Interhemispheric fissure: motivator.

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8
Q

What bloods to look for in Dementia?

A

B12, Renal, UEC, Na+,
Glucose - not well controlled
Heart failure meds taking etc?
TSH

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9
Q

Protective factors for Dementia

A

Physical activity
Social and cognitive engagement
Education level

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10
Q

Main difference with Delirium?

A

pathological
Impairment of consciousness (can be subtle)
Hard to pay attention: fluctuating

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11
Q

How to test attention?

A

Count backwards from 20. Ppl with dementia can do it usually

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12
Q

Dementia, big 3 things to look out for?

A

Cognitive Impairment
Change in previous level
Functional decline

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13
Q

Do you need memory impairment to have dementia?

A

Nope

Big feature in Alzheimer’s but not necessary for other dementias

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14
Q

Causes of delirium

A

Infections

Withdrawal

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15
Q

Alzheimer’s Dx?

A

2 years between initial symptoms and Dx

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16
Q

Investigations for Dementia?

A

MMSE
Neurological examination
CT head - prev. Strokes, atrophy
Bloods -

17
Q

what can Masquerading dementia?

A

Depression
Language
Educational attainment
Sensory impairement: vision/hearing

18
Q

MMSE scores cut offs?

A

28 normal

19
Q

Cognitive function def’n?

A

Remembering
Language
Praxis
Internal function of organism to allow it to interface with the environment

20
Q

Who gets MCI?

A

Depressed
INtellectual disability
small TIA

21
Q

Aged 60-90, how does dementia risk change?

A

Doubles every 5 years

22
Q

Drugs that can cause dementia?

A

Anticholinergics
L-dopa
Steroids

23
Q

DDX for dementia?

A

Delirium
Depression
DRUGS -

24
Q

Focal symptoms like speech etc. causes?

A

Focal Lesions:
Stroke
Head injury

25
Q

Alzheimer’s NEurological assessment findings?

A

Quite normal gait, reflexes, tone.

26
Q

Alzheimer’s Starts where in brain?

How does it present?

A

Medial hippocampus to the temporal parietal

Memory loss: clues and prompting doesn’t help
Language: word finding

Praxis: coordinating, copying diagram. Dressing apraxia.

27
Q

Lewy Body Dementia features? 3 important.

A

Visual and auditory Hallucinations
Parkinsonian Features
Marked Fluctuation - can lose attention.

28
Q

Other less common dementias?

A

Alcoholic
FroNto-temporal
Lewy Body
Parkinson’

29
Q

What drug helps with lewy-body dementia?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

30
Q

How to differentiate Lewy Body Dementia and delirium?

A

Chronicity

31
Q

What does cognitive impairment 4 areas

A
  • memory
  • Apraxis
  • agnosia
  • executive function
32
Q

Does MMSE examine frontal lobe?

A

Nope

33
Q

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is?

A

Between normal

MCI (12-15%)
dementia (8%)

34
Q

Delirium features?

A 
Often reversible
Consciousness - fluctuating alertness
Sudden onset
Attention: count backwards from 20
Hallucinations
35
Q

Vascular dementia?

A

Sudden
Deteriorate step wise
Infarction on imaging

36
Q

Vascular Dementia presentation?

A

Stepwise decline with each insult, could be nebulous

CVD risk factors

37
Q

Difference in MCI?

A

Still functioning well

But decrease cognition

38
Q

Onset of dementias?

A 
Acquired
Insidious
Chronic progressive
Generally age related
Change from PREVIOUS level.
Impact on FUNCTION
Collateral

Jason's MD3 Aged Care-Palliative (18 decks)

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