Dement and Kleitman sleep

Question 1

What was the aim of the Dement and Kleitman study?

Answer 1

• To investigate the relationship between REM sleep and dreaming
• To know whether eye movement during REM sleep is related to dream content.

Question 2

What was the research method used in the Dement and Kleitman study?

Answer 2

Laboratory experiment

Question 3

What was the conclusion of the Dement and Kleitman study?

Answer 3

Dreaming is more likely to occur in REM sleep. Eye movement patterns during REM sleep are related to dream content.

Question 4

How generalizable is the Dement and Kleitman study? (G in GRAVE)

Answer 4

Low generalizability. The study had only 9 participants, mostly male, limiting its applicability to a wider population.

Question 5

How reliable is the Dement and Kleitman study? (R in GRAVE)

Answer 5

High reliability. The EEG measurements were objective, and the experiment was well-controlled.

Question 6

How applicable is the Dement and Kleitman study? (A in GRAVE)

Answer 6

Moderate. It has implication for sleep and dream analysis but may not fully explain dreaming outside a lab setting.

Question 7

What are the validity concerns in the Dement and Kleitman study? (V in GRAVE)

Answer 7

• Artificial sleep lab setting, which can affect natural sleep patterns
• Demand characteristics due to repeated awakenings.

Question 8

What are the ethical considerations of the Dement and Kleitman study? (E in GRAVE)

Answer 8

Participants experienced sleep deprivation, which may have caused discomfort although informed consent was obtained.

Question 9

Does dream recall differ between REM and nREM stages of sleep?

Answer 9

Yes, people remember dreams more often when woken from REM sleep (80%) than from nREM sleep (7%).

Question 10

Is there a positive correlation between subjective estimates of dream duration and the length of the REM period before waking?

Answer 10

Yes, the longer the REM period, the longer people estimate their dreams to be.

Question 11

Are eye-movement patterns related to dream content?

Answer 11

Yes, specific eye movements match dream activities (e.g., horizontal for watching a tennis match, vertical for climbing a ladder).

Question 12

What was the research design used in the Dement and Kleitman study?

Answer 12

Repeated measures design