DELTA CHAT GPT grammar, vocab, phonology, discourse, teaching methodology, assessment Flashcards
Term: Relative Clauses
Definition: Clauses that provide additional information about a noun, introduced by relative pronouns like ‘who,’ ‘which,’ ‘that.’
Example: “The book, which I read last night, was fascinating.”
Teaching Tip: Highlight the use of relative clauses in differentiating essential and non-essential information.
Term: Conditional Sentences
Definition: Sentences expressing hypothetical situations and their possible outcomes.
Example: “If it rains (condition), I will stay home (result).”
Teaching Tip: Use real-life scenarios to practice different types of conditionals (zero, first, second, third).
Passive Voice
Usage: To focus on the action or when the doer is unknown.
Example: “The book was written by George Orwell.”
Teaching Tip: Highlight the difference in focus between active and passive sentences.
Direct and Indirect Speech
Usage: Reporting speech and transforming statements, questions, and requests from direct to indirect form.
Example: Direct: “She said, ‘I am tired.’” Indirect: “She said she was tired.”
Teaching Tip: Practice transforming sentences and maintaining correct tense changes.
Term: Stress Patterns
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Definition: The emphasis placed on certain syllables within words, and on certain words within sentences.
Example: In the word ‘photograph,’ the stress is on the first syllable.
Teaching Tip: Use visual and auditory aids to help students recognize and practice stress patterns
Term: Intonation
Definition: The variation in pitch while speaking, which can change the meaning of a sentence.
Example: Rising intonation in questions (“You’re going?”).
Teaching Tip: Use listening exercises and role-play to practice different intonation patterns.
Term: Lexical Chunks
Definition: Groups of words that are commonly found together, such as collocations and idiomatic expressions.
Example: “Make a decision” (collocation), “Piece of cake” (idiomatic expression).
Teaching Tip: Encourage noticing and recording lexical chunks in reading and listening activities.
Term: Register
Definition: The degree of formality or informality in language use, often dependent on context.
Example: Informal: “What’s up?” vs. Formal: “How do you do?”
Teaching Tip: Discuss the appropriateness of different registers in varied social and professional contexts.
Term: Cohesion
Definition: The use of linguistic elements (like pronouns, conjunctions, and discourse markers) to link parts of a text together.
Example: “Firstly, Secondly, Finally…” to organize ideas in writing.
Teaching Tip: Practice creating cohesive texts, highlighting different cohesive devices.
Term: Coherence
Definition: The logical organization and connection of ideas in a text or conversation.
Example: A well-structured essay where each paragraph supports the main argument.
Teaching Tip: Teach students to plan their writing or speaking to ensure coherence.
Connected Speech
Concept: Features of spoken language where sounds change or disappear in speech flow.
Example: “Going to” often becomes “gonna” in fast speech.
Teaching Tip: Use listening exercises to raise awareness of connected speech features.
Minimal Pairs
Concept: Pairs of words that differ by only one phoneme, used to teach pronunciation.
Example: “Ship” vs. “Sheep.”
Teaching Tip: Use minimal pair drills to help students distinguish similar sounds.
Word Formation
Concept: Creating new words by adding prefixes, suffixes, or using compounding.
Example: “Happy” (adjective) to “unhappy” (adding prefix).
Teaching Tip: Teach common prefixes and suffixes and their effects on word meaning.
Synonyms and Antonyms
Concept: Words with similar (synonyms) or opposite (antonyms) meanings.
Example: Synonyms - “Big/Large,” Antonyms - “Happy/Sad.”
Teaching Tip: Use thesaurus exercises to explore these relationships.
Narrative Tenses
Concept: Tenses commonly used in storytelling (past simple, past continuous, past perfect).
Example: “He was walking (past continuous) when he heard (past simple) a scream.”
Teaching Tip: Use storytelling activities to practice narrative tenses.
