Definitions / terms

Question 1

Brandt
Andrews manoeuvre

Answer 1

Controlled cord traction

Question 2

jacquemier’s sign

Answer 2

hwen vagina / cervix have bluish /purple colour due to increased blood supply

Question 3

retraction

Answer 3

maintaining tone between contractions

Question 4

ef

effacement

Answer 4

cervix becomes continuous with lower uterine segment

Question 5

dilation

Answer 5

cervix gets pulled opon
(contractions pull on lower segment)

Question 6

visceral pain

Answer 6

pain due to ischaemia that occurs in muscle fibres during active contraction

Question 7

somatic pain

Answer 7

stretching of vaginal / perineal /pelvic tissue
caused by pressure of presenting part
second stage

Question 8

operculum

Answer 8

mucous plug

Question 9

fontanelle

Answer 9

membrane covered junction between cranial bones

Question 10

‘true pelvis’ (vs ‘false pelvis’)

Answer 10

almost entirely surrounded by bone
includes inferior region of ilium / ischium / pubis / sacrum
separated from ‘false pelvis’ by pelvic brim

‘true pelvis’ is only part that has potentiall restrictive role in childbirth

Question 11

engagement

Answer 11

when head has reached level of ischial spines
when widest part of head has passed into pelvic brim (inlet)

Question 12

acidosis

Answer 12

low pH in fetal blood + tissues

Question 13

respiratory acidaemia

Answer 13

low ph in blood, due to accumulating CO2

Question 14

Hypoxia

Answer 14

low oxygen in fetal tissues

Question 15

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 15

when blood doesn’t have enough CO2 (caused by hyperventilation)
–>decreased paCO2
- reduced acidity (pH increases)

can reduce oxygen to baby, as may result in reduced blood flow

Question 16

recurrent decelerations

Answer 16

decelerations occuring 50% of the time
50% of contractions in 2 consecutive 10min windows

Question 17

What is haemolysis

Answer 17

breakdown of RBC’s

Question 18

Clonus

Answer 18

sign of severe pre-eclampsia

involuntary muscle contractions/ large noticeable movements

Question 19

epistaxis

Answer 19

(nose bleed)

Question 20

ecchymosisis

Answer 20

(bruise)

Question 21

definition- Meninogomyelocoele

Answer 21

(type of spina bifida, caused by lack of folic acids / exposure to virus)

Question 22

homan’s sign

Answer 22

test for DVT
Flex/ extend knee, forcibly dorsiflex ankle, (pain should appear behind knee)

Question 25

autosomal recessive disease

Answer 25

Person must have 2 copies of recessive genes
e.g CF (NOT SEX LINKED), sickle cell anaemia,

Question 26

Point mutation

Answer 26

condition when genome when a single base pair is added, deleted or changed.
PKU, Sickle cell anaemia, CF, THALASSAEMIA

Question 27

Polygenic traits

Answer 27

multiple genes
eg. neural tube defects