Definitions Only Flashcards
Provides the tools (ceremony, protocol, sharing circle). Indigenous research methods that use surveys, archives, focus groups, and interviews are distinct not because of their method “but because of the theories which guide them.”
Method
The framework that shapes research questions, analyses, and instruments is influenced by Indigenous epistemologies and worldviews.
Methodology
Research that privileges Indigenous voices, resistance, and political integrity, often using methods like storytelling and interviews.
Qualitative Research
Research that uses statistical data to privilege Indigenous voices and challenge Western value systems.
Quantitative Research
Grounded in Indigenous worldviews, this methodology is action-oriented and gives the community final authority.
insurgent research methodology
This is the system of knowledge production, indicating that in Nêhiyaw tradition, knowledge creation is to be shared with the community.
tribal epistemology
The categories used to explain the world and our nature of being, including connections to land and community.
______________ follows the logic of cultural beings and includes “who we are and whom we claim to be, who claims us and how we are connected to the land”.
Ontology
it encompasses relational accountability, it is a set of ethics or morals in a research paradigm that guides the process.
Axiology
The umbrella term used in Canada refers to individuals considered First Nations, Métis, and Inuit. Internationally, it is a term that also refers to individuals who inhabited or existed on their land since time immemorial (i.e., Māori, Native Americans, Sámi, etc.)
Indigenous
The term refers to an Indigenous person distinct from Métis or Inuit. The term originates in the 1970s and refers to those who are legally considered “Indians” in the Constitution Act 1982, s.35. In Manitoba, First Nation peoples include the Néhiyaw, Dakota (Assiniboine), Dakota, Anishinaabe, Anishininew, and Dene (see the Acknowledgement of the First Peoples of this land section of the Katz et al. (2019) report for more information).
First Nations
The term refers to an Indigenous person who self-identifies as __________, is of the historic ________ Nation Ancestry, is distinct from other Aboriginal Peoples, and is accepted by the _______ nation.
Metis
The term refers to an Indigenous person whose roots stem from Inuit Nunangat, also known as the Canadian Arctic.
Inuit
The Canadian Constitution Act of 1982 uses the term to describe the First Nations, Métis, and Inuit, whose rights are recognized and affirmed within the document. Although used in a legal context in your work when not referring specifically to s.35 of the constitution or government policy, avoid using this term.
Aboriginal
These offer some of the most productive habitats on earth, with high primary productivity, magnified secondary productivity, and three-dimensional habitat supporting a diverse array of marine organisms.
Pacific Rim __________ support or shelter a wealth of shellfish, fish, marine mammals, seabirds, and seaweeds, resources heavily used historically by coastal peoples.
____________ and other nearshore habitats sheltered similar suites of food resources that required minimal adaptive adjustments for migrating coastal peoples.
Kelp forest
The term refers to an Indigenous person whose roots stem from the United States of America and cannot be used to refer to Indigenous Peoples in what is now known as Canada.
Native American
This refers to the vast region that once connected present-day Siberia (in Asia) to Alaska (in North America) during the last Ice Age (approximately 30,000–12,000 years ago).
Beringia
They were thought to be able to travel in trances and dreams to these other worlds and communicate with souls.
Angakoks, or shaman
Copper pieces are hammered into a shield, often decorated with designs or crests. Their value increased when they were traded between families at potlatch ceremonies.
Coppers
The unwritten constitution of the Confederacy is called the __________________ (the Great Law of Peace).
Kaianeraserakowa
Two long poles with a framework to hold the goods. They are called “tipi” when these were covered by bison skins to make a conical-shaped dwelling.
travois
Used in a variety of regions across North America, particularly in areas with colder climates, such as the Subarctic, Arctic, Great Basin, and Plateau regions. They were common among Indigenous peoples in what is now Alaska, Canada, and parts of the U.S.
Pit houses
A ceremonial event where gifts are given, wealth is redistributed, and status is asserted. _________ serves as a key social institution for marking significant life events (such as births, marriages, and deaths) and reinforcing social hierarchies. It is a form of social exchange that emphasizes generosity and reciprocity.
Potlatch
The Peacemaker and Hiawatha together drafted the ___________________, which became the constitution of the Haudenosaunee, A system of governance and law based on peace, unity, and collective decision-making. emphasizes the importance of consensus and respect for individual autonomy, while maintaining the stability of the collective.
Great Law of Peace
It was a time for spiritual renewal and purification and the fulfillment of spiritual promises made to the Creator for the benefit of a loved one. Important decisions for the whole nation were made at these gatherings by the Head Chiefs and the Minor Band Chiefs.
Many Lodges Gathering (Sundance)
This marks a time of significant technological and cultural development, including the widespread use of kayaks, dog sleds, and snow houses (igloos). The period was critical for the development of Inuit culture, as it laid the foundations for subsistence strategies that enabled people to survive in the harsh Arctic environment.
Thule period
This refers to the Mi’kmaq’s geographic and spiritual connection to the easternmost parts of North America, where the sun rises. It reflects the Mi’kmaq worldview and their relationship with the land.
People of the dawn
Large, communal dwellings built to house multiple families. These structures were central to the social, political, and ceremonial life of these peoples. The longhouse was a symbol of the extended family and collective living.
Longhouses
A ceremonial pipe used in spiritual and diplomatic ceremonies, often associated with peace, unity, and the spiritual connection between the human and spirit worlds. The Sacred Pipe is integral to many important ceremonies, such as the Sun Dance and vision quests.
Sacred Pipe
These were well-suited to the temperate coastal climate, offering shelter from the rain and cold. They also represented the complex social structures and hierarchical societies of the Pacific Northwest Coast Indigenous peoples.
Plank Houses
The ________ adapted to Arctic life and developed tools and techniques that would later influence the Thule people and modern Inuit culture. Their practices were crucial for survival in one of the harshest environments on Earth.
Tunit
