Definitions of Health

Question 1

WHO Definition of Health…

Answer 1

“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

Question 2

Which year was the WHO definition of Health developed?

Answer 2

1946

Question 3

Strengths of the WHO definition of Health

Answer 3

Confirmed health as a “fundamental right of every human being”

Question 4

Weaknesses of the WHO definition of Health

Answer 4

• Considered by some to be unrealistic, possibly because it seems difficult to achieve such a ‘complete’ state.
• In practice has needed to take much smaller steps, since the member states behind the agency were not willing to let it interfere in their national health systems.
• Lack of effective norm-setting power

Question 5

Ottawa Charter Definition of Health…

Answer 5

Defined health promotion as: “a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.”

Question 6

When was the Ottawa Charter developed?

Answer 6

1986

Question 7

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Health promotion can refer to any event, process or activity that facilitates the protection or improvement of the health status of individuals, groups, communities or populations.
b. The objective of health promotion is to prolong life and to improve quality of life.
c. Health promotion practice is often shaped by how health is conceptualised.
d. all of these

Answer 7

d. all of these

Question 8

Which of the following charters defined health promotion as ‘the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health’.

a. Charter of the United Nations (1945)
b. Tokyo Charter (1946)
c. Ottawa Charter (1986)
d. none of these

Answer 8

c. Ottawa Charter (1986)

Question 9

Biomedical model

Answer 9

The traditional approach of medicine to a model’s focus on the physical processes of a disease, not taking into account the role of social or psychological factors.

Question 10

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 10

The view that health and illness are produced by a combination of physical, psychological and cultural factors

Question 11

In relation to the Ottawa Charter the term “mediation” means:

(a) Working with agencies from government and non-government sectors, industry and media to achieve coordinated action.
(b) Resolving differences in opinions between health professionals to achieve consensus of the direction to address health issues.
(c) Working with multidisciplinary health professionals to achieve coordinated action.
(d) None of the above.

Answer 11

(a) Working with agencies from government and non-government sectors, industry and media to achieve coordinated action.

Question 12

Ottawa Charter (1986) action areas?

Answer 12

1. Building healthy public policy
2. Creating supportive environments
3. Strengthening community action
4. Developing personal skills
5. Reorienting health services

Question 13

Ottawa Charter (1986) strategies?

Answer 13

1. Advocate
2. Mediate
3. Enable

Question 14

Bangkok Charter (2005) strategies?

Answer 14

1. Global development agenda
2. Government responsibility
3. Communities and civil society
4. Good corporate practice

Question 15

Bangkok Charter (2005) action areas?

Answer 15

1. Advocate
2. Invest
3. Build capacity
4. Regulate & legislate
5. Partner & build alliance