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Spr24 Pharm II > Definitions (Ex1) > Flashcards

Definitions (Ex1) Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Anesthesia definition

A

Lack of feeling or sensation

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2
Q

General anesthesia definition

A

Drug- Induced loss of consciousness

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3
Q

Regional anesthesia definition

A

Interrupted sensory nerve conduction resulting in loss of sensation

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4
Q

Spinal anesthesia location

A

Intrathecal space

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5
Q

Epidural anesthesia location

A

Outside of the dura

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6
Q

Minimal sedation characteristics

A

Responds to verbal
Unaffected airway/ventilation/CV

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7
Q

Moderate sedation characteristics

A

Responds to verbal or touch
Usually adequate airway/ventilation/CV

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8
Q

Deep sedation characteristics

A

Responsive to painful stimulation
May need assistance with airway/ventilation
CV usually maintained

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9
Q

Triad of anesthesia

A

Amnesia
Analgesia
Muscle relaxation

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10
Q

Balanced anesthesia adds ____ to the anesthesia triad

A

Homestasis

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11
Q

Phases of anesthesia administration (5)

A

Preoperative
Induction
Maintenance
Emergence
Postoperative

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12
Q

Stage 1 of anesthesia

A

Begin induction to loss of consciousness

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13
Q

Stage 1 plane1 of anesthesia

A

No amnesia or analgesia

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14
Q

Stage 1 plane 2 of anesthesia

A

Amnesia and partial analgesia

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15
Q

Stage 1 plane 3 of anesthesia

A

Complete analgesia and amnesia

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16
Q

Stage 2 of anesthesia

A

-Loss of consciousness to onset of auto breathing
-can be bothered/unsettled
-move through quickly

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17
Q

Stage 2 anesthesia symptoms (5)

A

-Delirium
-Undesired CV excitation
-Laryngospasm
-Emesis
-Dysconjugate eye movement

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18
Q

Stage 3 of anesthesia

A

-Onset of auto breathing to respiratory paralysis

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19
Q

Stage 3 plane 1 of anesthesia

A

Cessation of eyeball movement

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20
Q

Stage 3 plane 2 of anesthesia

A

-Beginning of intercostal muscle paralysis
-Increased tear secretion

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21
Q

Stage 3 plane 3 of anesthesia

A

-Desired for surgical start
-pupils dilate
-desired prior to muscle relaxants

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22
Q

Stage 3 plane 4 of anesthesia

A

Diaphragmatic paralysis (apnea)

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23
Q

Stage 4 of anesthesia

A

Stoppage of respiration till death

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24
Q

Tachyphylaxis definition

A

Tolerance

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25
Common anesthesic solubility
Lipid soluble
26
Pharmacokinetics definition
What the body does to the drug (ADME)
27
Vessel rich groups
High cardiac output organs: -heart -lungs -liver -kidney -brain
28
Vessel rich group CO%
75%
29
Muscle CO %
19%
30
Fat CO %
6%
31
Vessel poor CO %
0%
32
Protein binding affect on Vd
Higher protein binding => less free drug -low albumin/protein => more free drug than intended => more effect
33
Common causes of decreased plasma proteins (5)
Age Hepatic disease Renal failure Pregnancy Malnutrition
34
High volume of distribution
Poor protein binding and lipophilic
35
Small volume of distribution
Highly protein bound
36
Metabolism process
Conversion from lipid soluble to water soluble for excretion
37
Prodrug definition
Drug administered in inactive form and converted to active form
38
Most common metabolism pathway
Hepatic Microsomal enzymes
39
Most common hepatic Microsomal enzyme
CYP3A4: metabolizes more than 50% of drugs
40
Phase I reactions
Oxidation Reduction Hydrolysis
41
Phase II reaction
Conjugation Conversion to water soluble compound for elimination
42
Cause of dark red liver color
Hepatic Microsomal enzymes containing heme cofactor (iron)
43
Enzyme induction
Increases enzyme effect
44
Enzyme inhibition
Decreases enzyme effect
45
Flow limited hepatic clearance definition
Flow to the liver limits the metabolic rate
46
Capacity limited hepatic clearance definition
Livers ability to metabolize limits metabolic rate
47
Elimination half-time definition
time to eliminate 50% of drug from PLASMA
48
Elimination half life definition
Time to eliminate 50% of drug from TISSUE
49
Context sensitive half-time definition
Time for 50% decrease of drug after INFUSION discontinued -longer infusion given => longer to wear off
50
Acids are ionized in ____ pH
Alkaline
51
Bases are ionized in ____ pH
Acidic
52
Non-ionized vs ionized drug crossing
Non-ionized cross lipid barriers
53
Non-ionized solubility
Lipid soluble
54
Ionized solubility
Water soluble
55
Non-ionized pharmacologic effect
Active drug
56
ionized pharmacologic effect
Inactive drug
57
Ionization calculations pk/pH
Weak Acids: pk After pH Weak Bases: pk Before pH
58
Ionization calculations negative numbers
Non-ionized
59
Ion trapping explanation
Ionized drugs can be “trapped” such as in a fetus
60
Ionization effects
Ionized drugs lose effectiveness
61
Pharmacodynamics definition
What the drug does to the body
62
Elderly effects on ADME
-Decreased CO => decreased blood flow to brain and liver -decreased protein binding => more free drug -increased body fat => more absorption of lipid soluble
63
Potency definition
Less drug needed to produce effect = higher potency
64
Efficacy definition
Drug produces higher effect = higher efficacy
65
Effective dose definition
ED50: dose to produce effect in 50% population
66
Lethal dose definition
LD50: dose to produce death in 50% population
67
Therapeutic index definition
Ratio between LD50 and ED50 -wider index = safer
68
Enantiomer definition
-Chemically identical -mirror image -may produce different effects
69
Racemic mixture
Mixture of different isomers likely producing different effects
70
Pharmacogenetics impact
Specific genes or genomes can influence responses to drugs and help predict effects

Spr24 Pharm II (32 decks)

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