Definitions - CH. 2 Flashcards
Learning
The process of acquiring knowledge and skills, and a change in individual behaviour as a result of some experience.
Workplace Learning
The process of acquiring job-related knowledge and skills through formal training programs and informal social interactions among employees.
70-20-10 Model
Seventy percent of workplace learning comes from on-the-job experiences, 20 percent from interactions with others, and 10 percent from formal learning activities and events.
Informal Learning
Learning that occurs naturally as part of work and is not planned or designed by the organization.
Formal Learning
Learning that is structured and planned by the organization.
A.C.T. Theory
Learning takes place in three stages that are known as declarative knowledge, knowledge compilation, and procedural knowledge or proceduralization.
Resource Allocation Theory
Individuals possess limited cognitive resources that can be used to learn a new task.
Declarative Knowledge
Knowledge, facts, and information.
Knowledge Compilation
Integrating tasks into sequences to simplify and streamline the task.
Procedural Knowledge
The learner has mastered the task and performance is automatic and habitual.
Learning Style
The way in which an individual prefers to learn.
Kolb’s Learning Style
The way in which an individual gathers information and processes and evaluates it during the learning process.
Learning Cycle
People use each of the four modes of learning in a sequence that begins with concrete experience followed by reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation.
Fleming’s Learning Style
An individual’s preferred ways of gathering, organizing, and thinking about information.
V.A.R.K.
Visual, aural/auditory, read/write, and kinesthetic.
Shaping
The reinforcement of each step in a process until it is mastered.
Chaining
The reinforcement of entire sequences of a task.
Generalization
The conditioned response occurs in circumstances different from those during learning.
Social Learning
Learning through interactions with others.
Observation
Learning by observing the actions of others and the consequences.
Self-Efficacy
Beliefs that people have about their ability to successfully perform a specific task.
Self-Regulation
Managing one’s own behaviour through a series of internal processes.
Self-Regulated Learning
The use of affective, cognitive, and behavioural processes during a learning experience to reach a desired level of achievement.
Self-Regulation Prompts
Asking trainees questions about their learning, goals, and goal progress to encourage self-regulation during training.
Andragogy
An adult-oriented approach to learning that takes into account the differences between adult and child learners.
Pedagogy
The traditional approach to learning used to educate children and youth.
Motivation
The degree of persistent effort that one directs toward a goal.
Goal
The object or aim of an action.
Distal Goal
A long-term or end goal.
Proximal Goal
A short-term goal or sub-goal.
Goal Orientation
A dispositional or situational goal preference in achievement situations.
Learning Goal Orientation (LGO)
A focus on developing competence by acquiring new skills and mastering new tasks.
Prove Performance Goal Orientation (PPGO)
A focus on favourable judgments from others for one’s performance outcomes.
Avoid Performance Goal Orientation (APGO)
A focus on avoiding negative judgments from others for one’s performance outcomes.
Learning Goals
Process-oriented goals that focus on the learning process.
Performance Goals
Outcome-oriented goals that focus on the achievement of specific performance outcomes.
Training Motivation
The direction, intensity, and persistence of learning-directed behaviour in training contexts.
Locus of Control
People’s beliefs about whether their behaviour is controlled mainly by internal or external forces.
Achievement Motivation
The desire to perform challenging tasks.
Conscientiousness
The degree to which a person is responsible and achievement-oriented.
Job Involvement
The degree to which an individual identifies psychologically with work, and the importance of work to their self-image.
Cognitive Ability
An individual’s basic information-processing capacities and cognitive resources.
Core Self-Evaluations (CSE)
An individual’s self-appraisal of their worthiness, competence, and capability as a person that consists of four specific traits (general self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability).
