definitions B1 AND B2 Flashcards
osmosis
flow of from from a low concentrated solution to high concentration solution through a semipermeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.
diffusion
net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
simple diffusion
subtances diffuse through the lipid bilayer or channel protein of the plasma membrane
facilitated diffusion
substances diffuse through the cell membrane with the help of some carrier proteins
primary active transport
mechanism which transport subsstances against their concentration gradient through carrier proteins by utilizing energy directly fr ATP
secondary active transport
transports indirectly using energy from hydrolysis of ATP
equilibrium potential
The membrane potential that exactly opposes the concentration gradient of the ion is known as the equilibrium potential or Eion
-The equilibrium potential for K+ is about – 90 mV
-The equilibrium potential for Na+ is positive. About + 60 mV
-The equilibrium potential for Cl- is negative.
About - 70 mV
all or none law
magnitude of
response of a tissue to stimuli remains same irre- spective of the strength of stimuli.
hemocrit/PCV
% of blood occupied by RBC
hydrostatic pressure
the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels
oncotic pressure
p created by plasma protein inside the blood vessel
ESR
rate os RBC sendimentation when anticoagulated blood is allowed to stand
landsteiner’s law
1) if a particular agglutinogen is present is present on the red cell membrane of an individual,the correspondong agglutinin must be absent in his plasma.
2) if the agglutnogen is absent in the red cells,the corresponding agglutinin must be present in the plasma
heart rate
rate of discharge of SA node
ECG
technique of recording electrical activity of heart fr the surface of the body
systole
period of contraction when heart empties the blood
diastole
period of relaxation when heart fills with blood
cardiac cycle
cardaic events that occcur fr beginning or 1 heartbeat to the beginning of the next
cardiac output
volume of blood pumped by ventricles in one minute
preload
initial streching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction
Frank starling law
force of contraction increases when initial length of muscle increases
afterload
load the heart must eject against
peripheral resistance
resistance offered against ejection of blood fr ventricles
critical closing Pressure
P below where arterioles and capillaries close
bp
lateral P exereted by moving column of blood on the walls of vessels
systolic BP
max arterial P during systole
diastolic bp
min arterial P during diastole
MAP
average of all P measured ms by ms throughout cardiac cycle
Autoregulation
intrinsic ability of organ to maintain constant BF despite changes in perfusion pressure
circulatory shock
critical decrease in tissue perfusion caused by a loss or redistribution of intravascular fluid
stroke volume
amount of blood pumped out by ventricles during 1 contraction
ejection fraction
percentage of EDV ejected out with each stroke during systole
partial pressure of gas
pressure exerted by any 1 gas in a mixture of gases
transpulmonary P
pressure difference between alveolar and pleural P.
ita a measure of recoil pressure
lung compliance
extend to which lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure
lung volumes definition
in B2 folder
ventilation-perfusion ratio
ratio of alveolar ventilation per minute to the quantity of BF to alveoli per min
hypoxia
decreased O2 delivery to tissues
hypercapnia
Co2 retentian in body
exp:air obstruction
apnea
temporary cessation of respi
exp:dev during swallowing and vomiting
dyspnea
difficult breathing
asphyxia
hypoxia and hypercapnia occuring simultaneously
acclimatisation
physical adaptation of a person to live and work at low paO2 without much harmful effect on the body
define Haemostasis
A process of arrest of bleeding while maintaining blood in a fluid state within the vascular system.
young helmholtz trichromatic theory
there are 3 type of color receptor cones:r,g,b.all the colours percieved are created by light waves stimulating combinations of these cones
