definitions B1 AND B2

Question 1

osmosis

Answer 1

flow of from from a low concentrated solution to high concentration solution through a semipermeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.

Question 2

diffusion

Answer 2

net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 3

simple diffusion

Answer 3

subtances diffuse through the lipid bilayer or channel protein of the plasma membrane

Question 4

facilitated diffusion

Answer 4

substances diffuse through the cell membrane with the help of some carrier proteins

Question 5

primary active transport

Answer 5

mechanism which transport subsstances against their concentration gradient through carrier proteins by utilizing energy directly fr ATP

Question 6

secondary active transport

Answer 6

transports indirectly using energy from hydrolysis of ATP

Question 7

equilibrium potential

Answer 7

The membrane potential that exactly opposes the concentration gradient of the ion is known as the equilibrium potential or Eion
-The equilibrium potential for K+ is about – 90 mV
-The equilibrium potential for Na+ is positive. About + 60 mV
-The equilibrium potential for Cl- is negative.
About - 70 mV

Question 8

all or none law

Answer 8

magnitude of
response of a tissue to stimuli remains same irre- spective of the strength of stimuli.

Question 9

hemocrit/PCV

Answer 9

% of blood occupied by RBC

Question 10

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 10

the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

Question 11

oncotic pressure

Answer 11

p created by plasma protein inside the blood vessel

Question 12

ESR

Answer 12

rate os RBC sendimentation when anticoagulated blood is allowed to stand

Question 13

landsteiner’s law

Answer 13

1) if a particular agglutinogen is present is present on the red cell membrane of an individual,the correspondong agglutinin must be absent in his plasma.
2) if the agglutnogen is absent in the red cells,the corresponding agglutinin must be present in the plasma

Question 14

heart rate

Answer 14

rate of discharge of SA node

Question 15

ECG

Answer 15

technique of recording electrical activity of heart fr the surface of the body

Question 16

systole

Answer 16

period of contraction when heart empties the blood

Question 17

diastole

Answer 17

period of relaxation when heart fills with blood

Question 17

cardiac cycle

Answer 17

cardaic events that occcur fr beginning or 1 heartbeat to the beginning of the next

Question 18

cardiac output

Answer 18

volume of blood pumped by ventricles in one minute

Question 19

preload

Answer 19

initial streching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction

Question 20

Frank starling law

Answer 20

force of contraction increases when initial length of muscle increases

Question 21

afterload

Answer 21

load the heart must eject against

Question 22

peripheral resistance

Answer 22

resistance offered against ejection of blood fr ventricles

Question 23

critical closing Pressure

Answer 23

P below where arterioles and capillaries close

Question 24

bp

Answer 24

lateral P exereted by moving column of blood on the walls of vessels

Question 25

systolic BP

Answer 25

max arterial P during systole

Question 26

diastolic bp

Answer 26

min arterial P during diastole

Question 27

MAP

Answer 27

average of all P measured ms by ms throughout cardiac cycle

Question 28

Autoregulation

Answer 28

intrinsic ability of organ to maintain constant BF despite changes in perfusion pressure

Question 29

circulatory shock

Answer 29

critical decrease in tissue perfusion caused by a loss or redistribution of intravascular fluid

Question 30

stroke volume

Answer 30

amount of blood pumped out by ventricles during 1 contraction

Question 31

ejection fraction

Answer 31

percentage of EDV ejected out with each stroke during systole

Question 31

partial pressure of gas

Answer 31

pressure exerted by any 1 gas in a mixture of gases

Question 32

transpulmonary P

Answer 32

pressure difference between alveolar and pleural P. ita a measure of recoil pressure

Question 33

lung compliance

Answer 33

extend to which lungs will expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure

Question 34

lung volumes definition

Answer 34

in B2 folder

Question 35

ventilation-perfusion ratio

Answer 35

ratio of alveolar ventilation per minute to the quantity of BF to alveoli per min

Question 36

hypoxia

Answer 36

decreased O2 delivery to tissues

Question 37

hypercapnia

Answer 37

Co2 retentian in body exp:air obstruction

Question 38

apnea

Answer 38

temporary cessation of respi exp:dev during swallowing and vomiting

Question 39

dyspnea

Answer 39

difficult breathing

Question 40

asphyxia

Answer 40

hypoxia and hypercapnia occuring simultaneously

Question 41

acclimatisation

Answer 41

physical adaptation of a person to live and work at low paO2 without much harmful effect on the body

Question 42

define Haemostasis

Answer 42

A process of arrest of bleeding while maintaining blood in a fluid state within the vascular system.

Question 43

young helmholtz trichromatic theory

Answer 43

there are 3 type of color receptor cones:r,g,b.all the colours percieved are created by light waves stimulating combinations of these cones