composition and func of blood

Question 1

Describe Composition of Blood

Answer 1

anki

Question 2

Blood Constituents & Their Functions

Answer 2

Cellular component (Formed elements)
Erythrocytes – Transport O2 and CO2
Platelets – Contribute to hemostasis
Neutrophil – Engulf bacteria and debris
Eosinophil – Attack parasitic worm &
allergic reaction
Basophil – Release histamine for allergic reaction
Monocytes – In transit to become macrophage
Lymphocytes – produce antibodies & immune response

Fluid component (Plasma)
Water – Acts as transport medium & carries heat Electrolyte – Important in membrane excitability &
buffer pH changes
Are transported in blood- Nutrients,Wastes,Gases
Albumin – Transport many substances & contribute osmotic pressure
Fibrinogen – inactive precursor clot’s fibrin meshwok
Globulin – Transport many water insoluble molecule

Question 3

General Functions of Blood (8)

Answer 3

Respiratory function-Delivers oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and removes C02 from the tissues
-Regulation of body temperature
Nutritive function-Supply absorbed nutrients from GIT
Protective function-Immunity (through plasma proteins and WBC’s)
Excretory function-metabolic waste are delivered to kidneys, skin and intestine for excretion
Prevents blood loss – by blood clotting mechanisms.
-Plasma proteins and hemoglobin act as buffers and help in the maintenance of acid–base balance
-Transport of hormones (through plasma proteins to target organs)

Question 4

Haematocrit/Packed Cell Volume (PCV)

Answer 4

❖ the percentage of the blood that is occupied by erythrocytes.
❖ by centrifuging a sample of blood in a tube
❖ The red cells settle at the bottom of centrifuge tube
❖ The clear supernatant plasma remains on top, and A “buffy coat” formed by a thin layer of WBCs and platelets between RBCs and plasma
-

Question 5

Determination of Packed Cell Volume (PCV)

Answer 5

Micro Method
➢ Capillary tube filled with blood
➢ Centrifuge at 12000 gravity(g) (5 min)
Macro Method
➢ Wintrobe’s tube
➢ Westergren tube

Question 6

Normal Value of PCV

Answer 6

Males: 40-54%
femlaes: 36%-47%
newborn: 55-68%

Question 7

Higher than normal PCV

Answer 7

❖ Polycythemia - body to produce too many red blood cells
❖ Higher altitudes - lower oxygen supply in the air and thus hematocrit levels may increase over time.
❖ Low blood oxygen levels (hypoxia)
❖ Lung or heart disease — if the body senses low
oxygen levels, it will make more red blood cells in an
effort to increase the amount of oxygen in the blood
❖ Dehydration.
❖ Burn (due to loss of plasma)

Question 8

Lower than normal PVC

Answer 8

❖ An insufficient supply of healthy red blood cells (anemia)
❖ A large number of white blood cells — usually a very small
portion of your blood — due to long-term illness, infection, leukemia, lymphoma or other disorders of white blood cells.
❖ Acute kidney disease (lower Erythropoietin production lead to less RBCs production by the bone marrow).
❖ Pregnancy may lead to women having additional fluid in blood. This could potentially lead to a small drop in hematocrit levels