Definitions And OAB

Question 1

Fetal lie

Answer 1

Relationship of longitudinal axis of fetus to that of the uterus.

Question 2

Presentation:

Answer 2

Part of the fetus overlying the pelvic brim

Question 3

Maternal mortality:

Answer 3

Death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of the termination of pregnancy
Irrespective of the duration and the site of pregnancy
From any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management
But nor frok accidental or incidental causes

Question 4

Late maternal death

Answer 4

The death of woman from direct or indirect obstetrical cause more than 42 days
But less than one year, after termination of pregnancy

Question 5

Perinatal mortality

Answer 5

Defined as deaths among fetuses weighing 1000g or more at birth (28wks gestation) who die before or during delivery or within the first 7 days of delivery.

Question 6

Neonatal death

Answer 6

Infant death before 28 days of age

Question 7

Urinary incontinence

Answer 7

any involuntary leakage of urine

Question 8

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB):

Answer 8

It is a chronic condition, defined as urgency, with or without urge incontinence
Usually with frequency and/or nocturia

Question 9

Aetiology of OAB

Answer 9

Idiopathic in most cases.
Neurogenic DO is found in the presence of conditions such as multiple sclerosis, spinal bidida and UMNL.
2ry to plebic or incontinence surgery
OAB due to outflow obstruction (uncommon)

Question 10

C.F of OAB

Answer 10

Urinary frequency
Urgency
Urge incontinence
Nocturia

Question 11

Provocative factors that trigger OAB

Answer 11

Cold weather
Hearing running water
Opening the front door

Question 12

Investis to dx OAB:

Answer 12

Urine culture
Frequency/volume chart
Urodynamics

Question 13

Factors to be excluded before dx of OAB:

Answer 13

Metabolic abnormalities (DM or hypercalcemia)
Prolapse or fecal impaction (physical cause)
UTIs or interstitial cystitis (urinary pathology)

Question 14

Mx of OAB:

Answer 14

Conservative mx
Pharmacological mx
Surgical mx

Question 15

Conservative mx of OAB:

Answer 15

Behavioral therapy:
No Caffiene, 1.5 liter perday, and drugs review
Bladder retraining: supress urge & ++ intervals bt voidings
hypnotherapy and acupuncture

Question 16

Pharmacological mx of OAB:

Answer 16

Anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) drugs (oxybutynin)
Botulinum toxin A
Neuromodulation and sacral nerve stimulations

Question 17

Adverse effects of anticholinergicss:

Answer 17

Dru mouth
Constipation, naisea, dyspepsia and flatulence.
Blurred vision, dizziness, and insomnia.
Palpitation anf arrhythmias.

Question 18

Contraindications to anticholinergics:

Answer 18

Acute (narrow angle) glaucoma
Mysthenia gravis
urinary retention or outfolow obstruction
Severe ulcerative colitis
Gastrointestinal obstruction

Question 19

Used as intervention for refractory OAB:

Answer 19

Botulinum toxin A
Neuromodulation and sacral nerve stimulation

Question 20

Surgical mx of OAB

Answer 20

Detrusor myomectomy and augmentation cystoplasty (limited efficacy and high Complication rates)
permanent urinary diversion (intractable incontinence)