Definitions and Key concepts

Question 1

Nutrition

Answer 1

Act of nourishing or being nourished or the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth

Question 2

Nutrients

Answer 2

nutrients are molecules found in food and beverages needed by the body for energy, growth, development and reproduction.

Question 3

What is the double burden of malnutrition?

Answer 3

The coexistence of…
Undernutrition as well as overweight and obesity.
Plus diet related non communicable diseases within individuals, households and populations throughout life

Question 4

What is the global burden of ddisease?

Answer 4

GBD measures what prevents us from achieving our goal of living a long life full of health , putting knowledge and tools into the hands of people and groups around the world to make people healthier

Question 5

What are non-communicable diseases?

Answer 5

Diseases that can not be transmitted, often resulting from lifestyle influence. Such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes etc

Question 6

What are communicable diseases?

Answer 6

Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases, are illnesses that result from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic agents in an individual human or other animal host

Question 7

What are the sustainable development goals?

Answer 7

provides a shared blueprint for piece and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future Primarily 17 SDGs which are an urgent call fo action for all countries, developed and developing in the global partnership

Question 8

What are macronutrients?

Answer 8

Nutrients that are required in large quantities (grams) Macronutrients provide energy, these include carbohydrates, proteins and fat (alcohol is not a nutrient but also provides energy)

Question 9

What are micronutrients?

Answer 9

Nutrients required in small quantities ie milligrams and grams. micronutrients do not provide energy, includes vitamins and minerals.

Question 10

What is gross energy?

Answer 10

Total chemical energy of food
- not all is available in the body
- not all is absorbed
Determined by combustion of a food in a bomb ccalorimeter

Question 11

What are Atwater factors?

Answer 11

Used to calculate metabolisable energy when you know the amount of macronutrient eaten.
- energy = KJper gram

Question 12

What are the Atwater factors?

Answer 12

Carbohydrate = 17
Protein = 17
fat = 37
Alcohol = 29

Question 13

What are NRVs?

Answer 13

Nutrient Reference values are a set of recommendations for nutritional intake based on currently available scientific knowledge

• apply to 97-98% healthy people
• achieved by consuming a variety of foods
• applies to average daily intake

Question 14

EAR?

Answer 14

Estimated Average Requirement - A daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a
particular life stage and gender group.

Question 15

RDI?

Answer 15

Recommended Daily Intake - The average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97–98 per cent) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Question 16

AI?

Answer 16

Adequate Intake - The average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally- determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate.

Question 17

EER?

Answer 17

Estimated Energy Requirement - The average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height and level of physical activity, consistent with good health.

Question 18

UL?

Answer 18

Upper Limit- The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse effects increases

Question 19

AMDR

Answer 19

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - describes the percentage of total energy coming from each macronutrient.

Question 20

SDT?

Answer 20

Suggested Daily Target - For a nutrient, for optimal health and lowering risk of disease