Definitions And Epidemiology ✅ Flashcards

1
Q

How is a babys due date traditionally calculated?

A

Asking the mother about the first day of the last menstrual period, and relying on this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is a baby’s due date not based on the mothers LMP?

A

When there is a discrepancy with USS dates of more than 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do some think should be used to determine a babies due to?

A

USS biometry alone, when available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the problem with the potential difficulties in accurately determining gestational age?

A

Obtaining accurate data relating to stillbirths and mortality/survival rates in extremely preterm infants is difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is comparing data on stillbirths/extremely preterm infants from different countries difficult?

A

Due to variation in legislation, regulation, and practices of registration of stillbirth, live birth, and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In what respects is there wide variation between different countries with regard to stillbirths?

A

Gestational age at which fetal deaths are registered as stillbirths (which influences decision whether extremely preterm births are registered as live birth or miscarriage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is gestational age in completed weeks calculated?

A

From the first day of the last menstrual period to the date of birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a neonate defined as?

A

Infant 28 days or younger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is preterm defined as?

A

Gestation <37 weeks of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is preterm often subclassified into?

A
  • Extreme preterm
  • Very preterm
  • Moderate preterm
  • Late preterm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is considered to be extreme preterm?

A

<28 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is considered to be very preterm?

A

28-31 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is considered to be moderate preterm?

A

32-33 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is considered to be late preterm?

A

34-36 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is considered a term pregnancy?

A

37-41 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is considered post term pregnancy?

A

42 or more weeks gestation

17
Q

What is stilbirth defined as?

A

Fetus delivered at or after 24+0 weeks gestational age showing no signs of life

18
Q

What is neonatal death defined as?

A

A live born baby (born at 20+0 weeks gestational age or later, or with birth weight of 400g+ where accurate gestation not available), who died before 28 completed days after birth

19
Q

How is the perinatal mortality rate calculated?

A

Stillbirths + deaths within the first week per 1000 live births and stillbirths

20
Q

How is the neonatal mortality rate calculated?

A

Deaths of live-born infants within the first 4 weeks after birth per 1000 live births

21
Q

What is the postneonatal mortality rate?

A

The number of deaths aged 28 days+, but under 1 year, per 1000 live births

22
Q

What is the infant mortality rate?

A

The number of deaths under 1 year of age per 1000 live births

23
Q

What is low birth weight defined as?

A

<2500g

24
Q

What is very low birth weight defined as?

A

<1500g

25
Q

What is extremely low birth weight defined as?

A

<1000g

26
Q

What is small for gestational age defined as?

A

Birth weight <10th centile for gestational age

27
Q

What are the maternal risk factors for poor fetal outcomes in the UK?

A
  • Coexisting medical conditions
  • Parity
  • Socio-economic status
  • Age
  • Nutrition
  • Antenatal service provision and their utilisation
28
Q

What has improved the perinatal mortality rate in the past 30 years?

A
  • Improved maternal health and nutrition
  • Improved socio-economic conditions
  • Better antenatal and perinatal care
  • High antenatal steroid uptake
  • Improved survival of preterm infants
29
Q

What % of neonatal deaths occur in low and middle-income countries?

A

99%

30
Q

What are the main causes of neonatal deaths?

A
  • Preterm birth
  • Infection
  • Perinatal asphyxia