Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are gametes?

A

Gametes are haploid cells that are capable of fusion

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2
Q

Define fertilisation

A

Fertilisation is the union of two gametes to form a single cell called a zygote

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3
Q

What are alleles?

A

Alleles are different/alternative forms of the same gene

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4
Q

What is the locus of a gene?

A

The locus of a gene is its position on a chromosome

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5
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

Dominant means the allele that prevents the recessive allele from being expressed

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6
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

Recessive means the allele is prevented from being expressed by a dominant allele

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7
Q

Define genotype

A

Genotype means the genetic make up of an organism/ the genes that are presented

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8
Q

Define phenotype

A

Phenotype means the physical make-up or appearance of an organism

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9
Q

Define progeny

A

Progeny refers to offspring that are produced

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10
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

Homozygous means that two alleles are identical

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11
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Heterozygous means that the alleles are different

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12
Q

What is a Punnett square?

A

A Punnett square is a grid used to show the ratio of the genotypes of the progeny in a genetic cross

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13
Q

What is incomplete dominance?
(2)

A

Incomplete dominance means that neither allele is dominant or recessive with respect to the other
Both alleles are equally expressed in the heterozygous genotype to produce an intermediate phenotype

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14
Q

What is a pedigree?

A

A pedigree is a diagram showing the genetic history of a group of related individuals

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15
Q

What is the law of segregation/Mendel’s first law?

A

This states that inherited characteristics are controlled by pairs of alleles
These alleles segregate/separate from each other at gamete formation. with only one member of the pair being found in each gamete

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16
Q

Who is the ‘father of genetics’?

A

Gregor Mendel

17
Q

What is a monohybrid cross?

A

A monohybrid cross involved the study of a single feature

18
Q

What is a dihybrid cross?

A

A dihybrid cross involves the study of two characteristics

19
Q

What is linkage?

A

Linkage means that genes are located on the same chromosome

20
Q

What is the law of independent assortment?

A

2nd law: This states that when gametes are formed either of a pair of alleles is equally likely to combine with either of another pair of alleles