Definitions

Question 1

The Binomial System:

Answer 1

A system of naming species with the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus [starting with a capital letter] and species [starting with a lowercase] written in italics when printed and underlined when written.

Question 2

Define Movement

Answer 2

Action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.

Question 3

Define Growth

Answer 3

Permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both.

Question 4

Define Reproduction

Answer 4

Process that makes more of the same kind of organism

Question 5

Define Sensitivity

Answer 5

Ability to detect or sense changes in the environment [stimuli] and to make responses.

Question 6

Define Respiration

Answer 6

Chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

Question 7

Define Excretion

Answer 7

Removal from organism of toxic materials, waste products of metabolism [chemical reactions in cells including respiration] and substances in excess of requirements.

Question 8

Define Nutrition

Answer 8

Nutrition is the taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them.

Question 9

Define active transport

Answer 9

The movement of ions in or out of the cell through the cell membrane, from the region of the lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration against the concentration gradient using energy released during respiration.

Question 10

Define diffusion

Answer 10

The net movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of the random movement.

Question 11

Define osmosis

Answer 11

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a region of their higher concentration [dilute solution] to a region of the lower concentration [concentrated solution] through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 12

Define catalyst

Answer 12

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction and is not changed by the reaction.

Question 13

Define enzyme

Answer 13

Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalyst

Question 14

Define ingestion

Answer 14

Taking in of substances [example food, drink] into the body through the mouth.

Question 15

Define absorption

Answer 15

Absorption is the movement of digested food molecules through the wall of the intestine into the blood or lymph.

Question 16

Define egestion

Answer 16

Passing out of food that has not been digested, as faeces, through the anus.

Question 17

Define assimilation

Answer 17

Movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used becoming part of the cells.

Question 18

Define digestion

Answer 18

Break down of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble molecules using mechanical and chemical processes.

Question 19

Define transpiration

Answer 19

Transpiration is the evaporation of water at the surface of the mesophyll cells followed by loss of water vapor from plant leaves, through the stoma.

Question 20

Define translocation

Answer 20

Translocation is the movement of sucrose and amino acids in the phloem: from regions of production (source) to regions of storage or regions of use in respiration or growth sink