B section 2 1, 2 Flashcards
What is the unit that makes up all living organisms? (core)
Cells
What is the unit that makes up all living organisms? (core)
Cells
How does a plant cell and an animal cell differ in structure (you may refer to size, shape and organelles) (core)
Animal Cell- small, since the amount of cytoplasm is limited, irregular in shape due to absence of cellulose wall, contains secretory vesicles (contain hormones and enzymes), and small, temporary vacuoles
Plant cells- regular shape due to cellulose wall, large due to presence of permanent vacuole, contains chloroplast with pigment chlorophyll, which trap light energy for photosynthesis
Describe typical features of animal cells and plant cells as seen under the microscope (core)
Both animal and plant cells have: - cell surface membrane - cytoplasm - nucleus Plant cells have in addition: - cellulose cell wall - vacuole - chloroplasts
What formula do you use to calculate the magnification of biological specimens? (core)
Magnification=
Measured length/Actual Length
What formula do you use to calculate the actual length of biological specimens? (core)
Actual Length=
Measured Length/Magnification
How does the structure of a plant cell help to perform its function? (extended)
Relate to autotrophic nutrition (Photosynthesis)
Chloroplast- contain chlorophyll, which trap light energy for photosynthesis
Large permanent vacuole- stores ions and molecules and has water necessary to provide turgor pressure
Cellulose cell wall- protects against osmotic intake of water and is freely permeable water (raw material for photosynthesis) and dissolved substance
How does the structure of an animal cell help to perform its function? (extended)
Relate to heterotrophic nutrition
Vacuoles- small and help with digestion or excretion
secretory vesicles- contain cell products, such as hormones and enzymes
Explain how the structure of a red blood cell helps it with its transport functions (extended)
Transports oxygen from lungs to tissues, where aerobic respiration occurs. Cytoplasm contains hemoglobin, an oxygen-carrying pigment. Cells have no nucleus, leaving more space for hemoglobin and they are flexible so that they can pass through the narrowest blood vessels
Explain how the structure of a root hair cell helps it with its absorption functions (extended)
Absorbs minerals and water from the soil. Has a long extensions (root hair), which increases the surface area for absorption of materials
Define diffusion (core)
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement
Why is diffusion an important process to maintain life in living organisms? (core)
- life depends on the exchange of materials between cells and/or their surroundings, such as the absorption of carbon dioxide as a raw material for photosynthesis
- Oxygen enters the blood to be transported to tissues, where aerobic respiration take place, by diffusion
- oxygen diffuses out of the plant and is the gas that provides life
Define osmosis (extended)
Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a region of higher concentration of water molecules to a region of lower concentration of water molecules down a water potential gradient across a partially permeable membrane
Why is osmosis important in the uptake of water by plants and what effect does it have an animal and plant cells? (extended)
Osmosis is important as it provides cells and organisms with water. Biochemical processes in an organism take place in solutions and the solvent is always water. Without water biochemical processes could not go on in living organisms
What is the importance of water potential gradients in osmosis? (extended)
A water potential gradient exists between two solutions and molecules flow down this gradient from right to left. Without a water potential gradient, osmosis would not occur since both solutions would have reached equilibrium (have an equal number of water molecules)
How does a plant cell and an animal cell differ in structure (you may refer to size, shape and organelles) (core)
Animal Cell- small, since the amount of cytoplasm is limited, irregular in shape due to absence of cellulose wall, contains secretory vesicles (contain hormones and enzymes), and small, temporary vacuoles
Plant cells- regular shape due to cellulose wall, large due to presence of permanent vacuole, contains chloroplast with pigment chlorophyll, which trap light energy for photosynthesis
Describe typical features of animal cells and plant cells as seen under the microscope (core)
Both animal and plant cells have: - cell surface membrane - cytoplasm - nucleus Plant cells have in addition: - cellulose cell wall - vacuole - chloroplasts
What formula do you use to calculate the magnification of biological specimens? (core)
Magnification=
Measured length/Actual Length
What formula do you use to calculate the actual length of biological specimens? (core)
Actual Length=
Measured Length/Magnification
How does the structure of a plant cell help to perform its function? (extended)
Relate to autotrophic nutrition (Photosynthesis)
Chloroplast- contain chlorophyll, which trap light energy for photosynthesis
Large permanent vacuole- stores ions and molecules and has water necessary to provide turgor pressure
Cellulose cell wall- protects against osmotic intake of water and is freely permeable water (raw material for photosynthesis) and dissolved substance
How does the structure of an animal cell help to perform its function? (extended)
Relate to heterotrophic nutrition
Vacuoles- small and help with digestion or excretion
secretory vesicles- contain cell products, such as hormones and enzymes
Explain how the structure of a red blood cell helps it with its transport functions (extended)
Transports oxygen from lungs to tissues, where aerobic respiration occurs. Cytoplasm contains hemoglobin, an oxygen-carrying pigment. Cells have no nucleus, leaving more space for hemoglobin and they are flexible so that they can pass through the narrowest blood vessels
Explain how the structure of a root hair cell helps it with its absorption functions (extended)
Absorbs minerals and water from the soil. Has a long extensions (root hair), which increases the surface area for absorption of materials
