Definitions Flashcards
Displacement reaction
One where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound
Ore
An ore is a rock that contains metal compounds from which metal can be extracted
Phytomining
The process that uses plants to absorb metal compounds from the soil into the roots as part of metal extraction
Rust
Hydrated iron (iii) oxide (Fe2O3. xH2O)
Oxidation
Gain of oxygen, loss of hydrogen or loss of electrons
Reduction
Loss of oxygen, gain of hydrogen or gain of electrons
Galvanising
The process that bonds a layer of zinc metal to a surface of steel. The zinc soon reacts with the air forming zinc oxide which acts as a protective layer
Sacrificial Protection
The use of a more reactive metal in good contact with a less reactive metal, and the more reactive metal will always react first. Thereby this protects the less reactive metal from corrosion
Redox reaction
A reaction in which oxidation and reduction are occurring at the same time
Le Châtelier’s Principle
When a change is made to the conditions of a system at equilibrium, then the position of the equilibrium moves to oppose that change in conditions
Hydrocarbon
A molecule or compound that consists of carbon and hydrogen only
Renewable resources
Resources that are continuously supplied by nature as they are used by consumers
Non-Renewable resources
Resources that are finite and once they are used they cannot be replaced
Fractional distillation
A process of continual evaporation and condensation
Cracking
A process used in the oil industry that involves the break down of larger, insoluble hydrocarbons (alkanes) into smaller, more useful ones, some of which are unsaturated (alkenes)
Homologous series
A family of organic compounds that have the same general formula, similar chemical properties, show a gradation in physical properties and differ successfully by a CH2 unit
Complete Combustion
Burning fuel in oxygen to release heat and produce oxides
Functional group
A functional group is a reactive group in a molecule. It causes many of the reactions of the compounds in the homologous series
Polymerisation
The process of producing long chain molecules from small molecules
Addition polymerisation
How monomers are joined together to form very long chain molecules called polymers
Non-biodegradable
Materials that cannot be broken down by microbes
Inert Electrode
An electrode that does not take part in the reaction
Electrolyte
Usually a molten ionic compound or aqueous ionic compound that is a liquid or solution. Conducts electricity and it decomposed by it
Cathode
A negative electrode that attracts positive cations
Anode
A positive electrode that attracts negative anions
Electrolysis
The decomposition of liquid electrolyte using a direct current of electricity
Monomer
The small molecules that add together to make a polymer
