Definitions

Question 1

Disproportion

Answer 1

When the same element has been oxidised and reduced.

Question 2

Isotope

Answer 2

Atoms of an element with same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

Question 3

Relative atomic mass

Answer 3

the weighted mean mass of an element compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom Carbon-12

Question 4

Relative isotopic mass

Answer 4

the mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12

Question 5

First Ionisation Energy

Answer 5

the energy needed to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mol of gaseous 1+ ions.

Question 6

Periodicity

Answer 6

The repeating trend in properties of elements across a period

Question 7

Ionic Bonding

Answer 7

The electrostatic force of attraction between +ions and -ions

Question 8

Covalent Bonding

Answer 8

The electrostatic force of attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atom.

Question 9

Dative Covalent bond

Answer 9

A covalent bond in which the shared pair of electrons have been supplied by only one of the bonded atoms

Question 10

Metallic Bonding

Answer 10

The strong electrostatic force of attraction between cations and delocalised sea of electrons

Question 11

Electron pair

Answer 11

One or more electrons involved in a covalent bond.

Question 12

Lone pair

Answer 12

A pair of electrons not involved in a covalent bond

Question 13

Electronegativity

Answer 13

The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 14

Acids

Answer 14

Contain hydrogen and when dissolved in water hydrogen dissociates and releases H+ ions

Question 15

Base

Answer 15

Substances that react with acids to neutralise them

Question 16

Hydrocarbons

Answer 16

Compounds containing only Carbon and Hydrogen

Question 17

Saturated

Answer 17

Single bonds

Question 18

Unsaturated

Answer 18

More than one bond (double bond)

Question 19

Functional Group

Answer 19

The part that’s responsible for the chemical properties

Question 20

Aliphatic

Answer 20

Carbons joined in a branched or unbranched chain

Question 21

Alicyclic

Answer 21

Carbons joined to each other in a ring

Question 22

Aromantic

Answer 22

Some or all Carbons found in Benzene ring

Question 23

Molecular formula

Answer 23

The exact number of atoms of each element present in the molecule

Question 24

Empirical formula

Answer 24

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in molecule

Question 25

Structural formula

Answer 25

The minimal detail using conventional groups for an unambiguous structure

Question 26

Displayed Formula

Answer 26

Shows both relative placing of atoms and the number of bonds between them.

Question 27

Skeletal Formula

Answer 27

Simplified organic formula by removing Hydrogen atoms from alkyl chain leaving just a Carbon skeleton and associated functional group.

Question 28

General Formula

Answer 28

Represents any member of a homologous series

Question 29

Isomer

Answer 29

Same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 30

Radical

Answer 30

An extra electron that is unpaired

Question 31

Homolytic fission

Answer 31

When bond breaks each bonded atom takes one of the shaired pair of electrons

Question 32

Heterolytic fission

Answer 32

One of the bonded atoms takes both of the shaired pair of electrons.

Question 33

Stereoisomer

Answer 33

Have the same structural formula but a different arrangement of the atoms in space

Question 34

Electrophile

Answer 34

Electron pair acceptor

Question 35

Nucleophile

Answer 35

Electron pair donor

Question 36

Carbocation

Answer 36

positively charged Carbon

Question 37

Curly arrow

Answer 37

Shows the movement of electron pair

Question 38

Activation energy

Answer 38

The energy input required to break existing bonds and the minimum energy required to start the reaction.

Question 39

Standard enthalpy change of formation

Answer 39

The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements

Question 40

Standard enthalpy change of combustion

Answer 40

The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a substance reacts completely with oxygen

Question 41

Standard enthalpy change of neutralisation

Answer 41

The energy change that accompanies the reaction of an acid by a base to form one mol of water.

Question 42

Average Bond enthalpy

Answer 42

The energy required to break one mole of a specified type of bond in a gaseous molecule

Question 43

Catalyst

Answer 43

Provides an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy without being used up or damaged.

Question 44

ideal gas equation

Answer 44

PV=nRT

Question 45

in the ideal gas equation what does the P stand for and what unit

Answer 45

pressure | Pa

Question 46

in the ideal gas equation what does V stand for and what is the units

Answer 46

volume m^3 cm^3 x 10^-6 m^3 x10^-3

Question 47

what is n stand for

Answer 47

moles

Question 48

in the ideal gas equation what does R stand for

Answer 48

8.31 gas constant

Question 49

in the ideal gas equation what does T stand for and what unit

Answer 49

temperatures kelvin +273