Atoms, Bonds and Groups

Question 1

Relative Isotopic mass

Answer 1

The mass of an isotope compared to 1/12 of the mass of Carbon 12.

Question 2

.xH2O

Answer 2

The number of waters of crystallisation

Question 3

Cl2 + H2O =?

Answer 3

HCl + HClO

Question 4

What molecule causes bleaching

Answer 4

ClO-

Question 5

What is a salt?

Answer 5

When a H+ ion is replaced by another ion (ie Na+ion)

Question 6

What inter molecular forces are between PH3?

Answer 6

Permanent dipoles

Question 7

Describe and explain the trend in reactivity in a group 1 and 2?

Answer 7

Reactivity increases as you go down the group because atomic radius increases and electron shielding increases. Despite nuclear charge increasing, electrons experience less attraction. Therefore, it is easier to remove outer electrons / Ionisation energy decreases.

Question 8

Explain why the ionisation energy increases as it goes across the period

Answer 8

Nuclear charge increases, atomic radius decreases, electron shielding stays the same so attraction b/n electrons and nucleus increases.

Question 9

Why is Carbon in ionisation energy referred to as carbon and not diamond or graphite?

Answer 9

The atoms are in gaseous state

Question 10

What forces/bonds are overcome in Fluorine?

Answer 10

Induced dipole-dipole

Question 11

What particles are acting between the force/bond in Lithium, Carbon and Fluorine?

Answer 11

Li+ and electrons. Carbon atoms, and Fluorine molecules.

Question 12

What is the relative mass of a Neutron

Answer 12

1/2000

Question 13

What is the 3D shape of a s-orbital?

Answer 13

Spherical

Question 14

What is the 3D shape of a p-orbital?

Answer 14

Dumb-bell shape

Question 15

Describe the relative energies of the 2s orbital and each of the three 2p orbitals in a nitrogen atom?

Answer 15

2s has a lower energy than 2p. Each of the 2p orbitals have the same energy level

Question 16

What is the name for the redox reaction which has reduction and oxidation?

Answer 16

Disproportionation

Question 17

What structure does solid chlorine have?

Answer 17

Simple Molecular Lattice

Question 18

Why does Bromine have a higher boiling point than Chlorine?

Answer 18

Bromine has more electrons, which means more energy is required to break the intermolecular forces.

Question 19

What colour will the solution turn if Iodine is displaced in the presence of cyclohexane?

Answer 19

Violet

Question 20

What colour will the solution turn if Bromine is displaced in the presence of cyclohexane?

Answer 20

Orange

Question 21

What colour will the solution turn if Iodine is displaced in water?

Answer 21

Brown

Question 22

What colour will the solution turn if Bromine is displaced in water?

Answer 22

Orange

Question 23

The name and formulae of the compound formed between fluorine and sulphur which has octahedral molecules

Answer 23

SF6, Sulfur hexxafluoride

Question 24

Relative atomic mass

Answer 24

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12 of a Carbon 12 atom

Question 25

Identify a compound of calcium that could be used to convert a soil pH from 5.8 to 7.5

Answer 25

Ca(OH)2

Question 26

How do you know if the structure is Giant Covalent Lattice or Simple molecular lattice?

Answer 26

Simple molecular lattice occurs when the is a molecule bonded covalently. In Giant Covalent lattic there is only one element and no set number of atoms so it is not a fixed molecule.