Atoms, Bonds and Groups Flashcards
Relative Isotopic mass
The mass of an isotope compared to 1/12 of the mass of Carbon 12.
.xH2O
The number of waters of crystallisation
Cl2 + H2O =?
HCl + HClO
What molecule causes bleaching
ClO-
What is a salt?
When a H+ ion is replaced by another ion (ie Na+ion)
What inter molecular forces are between PH3?
Permanent dipoles
Describe and explain the trend in reactivity in a group 1 and 2?
Reactivity increases as you go down the group because atomic radius increases and electron shielding increases. Despite nuclear charge increasing, electrons experience less attraction. Therefore, it is easier to remove outer electrons / Ionisation energy decreases.
Explain why the ionisation energy increases as it goes across the period
Nuclear charge increases, atomic radius decreases, electron shielding stays the same so attraction b/n electrons and nucleus increases.
Why is Carbon in ionisation energy referred to as carbon and not diamond or graphite?
The atoms are in gaseous state
What forces/bonds are overcome in Fluorine?
Induced dipole-dipole
What particles are acting between the force/bond in Lithium, Carbon and Fluorine?
Li+ and electrons. Carbon atoms, and Fluorine molecules.
What is the relative mass of a Neutron
1/2000
What is the 3D shape of a s-orbital?
Spherical
What is the 3D shape of a p-orbital?
Dumb-bell shape
Describe the relative energies of the 2s orbital and each of the three 2p orbitals in a nitrogen atom?
2s has a lower energy than 2p. Each of the 2p orbitals have the same energy level
What is the name for the redox reaction which has reduction and oxidation?
Disproportionation
What structure does solid chlorine have?
Simple Molecular Lattice
Why does Bromine have a higher boiling point than Chlorine?
Bromine has more electrons, which means more energy is required to break the intermolecular forces.
What colour will the solution turn if Iodine is displaced in the presence of cyclohexane?
Violet
What colour will the solution turn if Bromine is displaced in the presence of cyclohexane?
Orange
What colour will the solution turn if Iodine is displaced in water?
Brown
What colour will the solution turn if Bromine is displaced in water?
Orange
The name and formulae of the compound formed between fluorine and sulphur which has octahedral molecules
SF6, Sulfur hexxafluoride
Relative atomic mass
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12 of a Carbon 12 atom
