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eye > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Hypermetropia

A

Hypermetropia or long sightedness is the refractive state of the eye wherein parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused behind the retina with accommodation at rest

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2
Q

Aphakia

A

Absence of crystalline lens from the eye

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3
Q

Pseudophakia

A

The condition of aphakia when corrected with an IOL implant

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4
Q

Myopia

A

Myopia or shortsightedness is a type of refractive error in which parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused in front of the retina with accommodation at rest

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5
Q

Astigmatism

A

Astigmatism is a type of refractive error wherein the refraction varies in different meridia of the eye. Consequently, the rays of light entering the eye cannot converge to a point focus but form focal lines

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6
Q

Sturm’s conoid

A

The configuration of rays refracted through a toric surface is called the Sturm’s conoid

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7
Q

Infective conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by microorganism

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8
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

ABC is characterized by marked conjunctival hyperaemia and mucopurulent discharge from the eye

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9
Q

Trachoma

A

Trachoma is a chronic keratoconjunctivitis, primarily affecting the superficial epithelium of conjunctiva and cornea simultaneously.

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10
Q

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)

A

It is a type of acute follicular conjunctivitis mostly associated with superficial punctuate keratitis and usually occurs in epidemics

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11
Q

Ophthalmia neonatrum

A

It is the bilateral inflammation of the conjunctiva occurring in an infant, less than 30 days old

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12
Q

Veneral keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) or spring catarrh

A

VKC is a recurrent, bilateral, interstitial, self-limiting allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva having a periodic seasonal incidence

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13
Q

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis

A

It can be thought as an adult equivalent of VKC associated with atopic dermatitis

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14
Q

Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC)

A

GPC is the inflammation of conjunctiva with the formation of very large sized papillae

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15
Q

Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis

A

PKC is a characteristic nodular affection occurring as an allergic response of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium to some endogenous allergens to which can they have become sensitized

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16
Q

Pinguecula

A

Pinguecula is a degenerative condition of the conjunctiva. It is characterized by the formation of a yellowish white patch on the bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus

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17
Q

Pterygium

A

Pterygium is a wing-shaped fold of conjunctiva encroaching upon the cornea from either side within the interpalpebral fissure

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18
Q

Inflammation of cornea

A

Keratitis is characterized by corneal oedema, cellular infiltration and ciliary congestion

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19
Q

Ulcerative keratitis

A

Corneal ulcer maybe defined as discontinuation in normal epithelial surface of the cornea associated with necrosis of the surrounding corneal tissue

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20
Q

Keratoconus

A

It is a non- inflammatory bilateral ectatic condition of cornea in its axial part. It usually starts at puberty and progresses slowly.

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21
Q

Keratoglobus

A

It is familial and hereditary bilateral congenital disorder characterized by thinning and hemispherical protrusion of the entire cornea

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22
Q

Corneal opacity

A

Loss of transparency of cornea due to scarring

23
Q

Cataract

A

Development of any opacity in the lens or its capsule

24
Q

Glaucoma

A

Glaucoma is defined as chronic progressive optic neuropathy characterized by increased IOP, visual field changes and optic disc changes which ultimately causes death of the retinal cells

25
Q

Primary open angle glaucoma

A 
POAG is a chronic simple glaucoma of adult onset typically characterized by:
Slowly progressive raised IOP
Open normal appearing AC angle
Characteristic optic disc cupping
Specific visual field defects
26
Q

Ocular hypertension

A

Ocular hypertension is labelled when a patient has an IOP constantly more than 21 mmHg but no optic disc and visual changes

27
Q

Primary angle closure disease

A

PACD is characterized by apposition of the iris against the trabecular meshwork resulting in obstruction of aq outflow by closure of an already narrow angle of the AC

28
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa

A

It is hereditary disorder predominantly affecting the rods more than cones

29
Q

Cystoid macular oedema

A

It refers to collection of fluid in the outer plexiform and inner nuclear layer of the retina, centered around the foveola

30
Q

Retinal detachment

A

It is the separation of neurosensory retina proper from the pigment epithelium

31
Q

Rhegmatogenous or primary retinal detachment

A

It is usually associated with a retinal break through which us retinal fluid seeps and separates the sensory retina from the pigmentary epithelium

32
Q

Exudative or solid retinal detachment

A

It occurs due to the retina being pushed away by a neoplasm or accumulation of fluid beneath the retina following inflammatory or vascular lesions

33
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

It is a common malignant tumor arising from the neurosensory retina in one or both eyes

34
Q

Enucleation

A

Excision of the eyeball

35
Q

Optic neuritis

A

Optic neuritis includes inflammatory and demyelinating disorders of the optic nerve

36
Q

Papilloedema

A

Passive disc swelling with increased IOP which is almost always bilateral although it may be asymmetrical

37
Q

Amblyopia

A

It implies the partial loss of sight in one or both eyes, in the absence of ophthalmoscopic or other marked objective signs

38
Q

Strabismus

A

A misalignment of the visual axes of the two eyes is called squint or strabismus

39
Q

Stye

A

It is an acute suppurative inflammation of lash follicle and its associated glands of Zeis or Moll

40
Q

Chalazion

A

It is a chronic non-infective lipogranulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland

41
Q

Internal hordeolum

A

It is a suppurative inflammation of the meibomian gland associated with blockage of the duct

42
Q

Trichiasis

A

Inward misdirection of cilia with normal position of the lid margin

43
Q

Entropion

A

Inward rolling and rotation of the lid margin toward globe

44
Q

Ectropion

A

Out rolling or outward turning of the lid margin

45
Q

Symblepharon

A

Lids become adherent to the eyeball as a result of adhesions between the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva

46
Q

Ankyloblepharon

A

Adhesions between margins of the upper and lower lids

47
Q

Ptosis

A

Abnormal dropping of the upper eyelid

48
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

49
Q

Acute dacryocystitis

A

It is an acute suppurative inflammation of the lacrimal sac, characterized by presence of a painful swelling in the region of sac

50
Q

Proptosis

A

Forward displacement of the eyeball beyond the orbital margins

51
Q

Orbital cellulitis

A

An acute infection of the soft tissues of the orbit behind the orbital septum

52
Q

Episcleritis

A

Benign recurrent inflammation of the episclera, involving the overlying Tenon’s capsule but not the underlying sclera

53
Q

Scleritis

A

Inflammation of the sclera proper

54
Q

Staphylomas

A

Localized bulging of weak and thin outer tunic of the eyeball lined by uveal tissue which shines through the thinned out fibrous coat

eye (7 decks)

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