definitions Flashcards
overgrowth of terminal parts of skeletal system after epiphyseal fusion as a result of overprod of growth hormone
acromegaly
presence of endometrial tissue in myometrium
adenomyosis
uterine appendages, incl. fallopian tubes, ovaries, and associated ligaments
adnexae
congenital or acquired increase in # of cells of adrenal cortex, occurring bilaterally and resulting in excessive excretion of 17-ketosteroids with signs of virilization
adrenal hyperplasia
failure of menarche to occur by 16th year of life
primary amenorrhea
separation of normally implanted placenta from its uterine attachment after 20th week of pregnancy and before birth. usually 3rd trimester
abruptio placentae
absence of menses for 3+ months after menarche
secondary amenorrhea
Aspiration of amniotic fluid, usually TA, for dx or tx purposes
amniocentesis
fluid confined by amnion
amniotic fluid
characteristics include primary amenorrhea, female phenotype, testes instead of ovaries, absence of uterus, and male genotype
androgen insensitivity syndrome
excessive number of X in circulation caused primarily by deficiency of folic acid, vit B12, or both
anemia, megaloblastic
MC cause of microcytic anemia
anemia, iron deficiency
eating d/o characterized by altered body image and marked reduction in intake of food, caused by psychogenic factors and leading to malnutrition and amenorrhea
anorexia nervosa
irregular uterine bleeding that occurs in absence of ovulation
anovulatory bleeding
before labor or delivery
antepartum
physical assessment of newborn usually performed at 1 and 5 minutes, used to determine need for resuscitation
Apgar Score
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
loss of uterine muscle tone, which result in failure of labor to progress or PPH
atony, uterine
sex chromatin masses on nuclear membrane. number of Q is one fewer than number of X chromosomes
Barr bodies
cystic swelling of a Q gland caused by obstruction of duct
Bartholin cyst
pair of glands located at 4k and 8k positions on the vulvo-vaginal rim
Bartholin glands
oral temp at rest, used for ovulation
Basal body temperature
most common germ cell tumor, consisting of all 3 germ layers
benign cystic teratoma OR dermoid cyst
physical assessment of fetus, incl. US eval of fetal movement, tone, amniotic fluid volume, and electronic fetal heart monitoring
biophysical profile
graph showing BBT in the luteal phase that is higher than normal
biphasic temperature curve
circulation by which fetus exchanges nutrients and waste products with mother
blood flow, uteroplacental
endometrial bleeding that occurs at inappropriate times during use of OCPS
breakthrough bleeding
the buttocks
breech
clinical (info obtained from surgery or biopsy) and pathological eval of the extent and severity of the cancer
cancer staging
neoplasm in which tumor cells are confined by the basement membrane of the epithelium of origin
carcinoma in situ
birth of the fetus thru incisions main in abdomen and uterine wall
Cesarean delivery
irregular brownish patches of various sizes that appear on the face during pregnancy and or during use of OCPs
chloasma
inflammation of fetal membranes
chorioamnionitis
malignant tumor composed of sheets of cellular and syncytial trophoblast
choriocarcinoma
transcervical or transadominal sampling of X for cytogenic eval of the fetus
chorionic villus sampling
period of life or the sx of endocrine, somatic, and psychic changes that occur in women during transition from repro to non repro state
climacteric
ligand, SERM. stimulates maturation of follicles and thereby ovulation as a result of its antiestrogenic effect on hypothalamus
clomiphene
withdrawal of penis during coitus before ejaculation
coitus interruptus
surgical procedure used to repair a cystocele
anterior colporrhaphy
surgical procedure used to repair a rectocele
posterior colporrhaphy
examination of vagina and cervix by means of an instrument that provides low mag
colposcopy
benign, cauliflower like growth on the genitalia, caused by HPV
condyloma acuminatum
cone of cervical tissue excised for histologial examination
cone biopsy
prevention of conception
contraception
fetal assessment and therapeutic technique in which a needle is passed into the umbilical vessel and blood sampled or tx given
cordocentesis
temporary endocrine structure produced at site of ovulation. it is involved in the production of progesterone
corpus luteum
pouch-like cavity btwn rectum and uterus, formed by a fold of peritoneum
cul-de-sac
scraping of the interior cavity or other surface w/ a
curettage
separate curettage of endometrium and endocervix for dx eval. specimens are submitted separately for pathological exam
fractional curettage
suction catheter curettage
suction curettage
sx complex caused by hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and sex hormones of the adrenal cortex
Cushing syndrome
protrusion of urinary bladder that creates downward bulging of the anterior vaginal wall as a result of the weakening of the pubocervical fascia
cystocele
radiogram of the urinary bladder after injection of contrast medium
cystogram
msrmnt of function and capacity of urinary bladder by pressure-volume studies, often used to diagnose hyperactive bladder
cystometry
identifiable changes in the endometrium and other tissues in response to progesterone
decidua
direct endoscopic inspection of interior of urinary bladder
cystoscopy
physiologic or instrumental opening of cervix
dilation
immunoprotein used for passive immunization to prevent D sensitization of mom when exposed to fetal RBC that may have Rhesus D antigens
D immunoglobulin
intravascular coagulation abnormality originally described in the OB complications of abruptio placentae and intrauterine fetal demise
disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
simultaneous availability of 2 sterile set-ups for either a vaginal or abdominal delivery
double set-up
malignant solid germ cell tumor of the ovary
dysgerminoma
IUGR leading to small for dates baby, assoc. with placental insufficiency
dysmaturity
painful menstruation.
dysmenorrhea
termination of pregnancy by medical or surgical intervention
induced abortion
spontaneous termination of a pregnancy before 20th week of gestation
spontaneous abortion
incomplete expulsion of the products of conception (retained tissues in uterus)
incomplete abortion
dilation of cervical os but no passage of the products of conception
inevitable abortion
intrauterine retention of non-viable products of conception
missed abortion
3 or more consecutive 1st trimester miscarriages
recurrent abortion
any type of miscarriage complicated by infection
septic abortion
vaginal bleeding in the presence of closed cervix and viable fetus
threatened abortion
difficult or painful intercourse
dyspareunia
abnormal or difficult labor
dystocia
painful urination
dysuria
convulsive form of pregnancy induced hypertension
eclampsia
pregnancy located outside of uterine cavity
ectopic pregnancy
growth of columnar epithelium of the endocervix onto the ectocervix
ectropion OR eversion
thinning or shortening of the cervix
effacement
conceptus from blastocyst stage to end of 8th week
embryo
procedure of obtaining endometrial tissue for dx purposes
endometrial biopsy
presence of endometrial implants outside uterus
endometriosis
instrumental visualization of the interior of a hollow viscus
endoscopy
herniation of small intestine into the cul-de-sac, usually accompanied by and confused with rectocele
enterocele
incision made into the perineum at the time of vaginal delivery
episiotomy
exogenous admin. of estrogen or estrogenic substances to overcome deficiency or absence of natural hormone
estrogen replacement
continuous and prolonged effect of estrogen on endometrium, resulting from lack of progesterone
unopposed estrogen
removal of pelvic viscera, including bladder, the rectum, or both; usually in setting of advanced cervical malignancy
exenteration, pelvic
microscopic pattern of NaCl xtls as seen in estrogen stimulated cervical mucus or amniotic fluid
fern
conceptus from 8weeks to birth
fetus
mammary changes characterized by fibrosis and formation of cysts in the fibrous stroma
fibrocystic changes
preliminary stages of sexual relations
foreplay
physiological cyst arising from the Graafian follicle or corpus luteum
functional ovarian cyst
hormone producing ovarian neoplasm
functioning ovarian tumor
spontaneous flow of breast milk in the absence of recent pregnancy
galactorrhea
an individual’s understanding of the activity and behavior appropriate to the M or F sex
gender role
congenital absence of ovarian tissue or its presence as only a rudimentary streak
gonadal agenesis
congentially defective development of gonads
gonadal dysgenesis
glycoprotein hormone that is produced by the synctiotrophoblast and is immunologically similar to LH
human chorionic gonadotropin
gonadotropin isolated from the urine of postmenopausal women, consisting primarily of FSH with variable amounts of LH, used for ovulation induction
human menopausal gonadotropin
endocrine organ compound of the anterior gonadotropin secreting compound and the posterior oxytocin secreting compound
pituitary gonadotropin
feminizing, estrogen-producing ovarian tumor
granulosa cell tumor
pregnant woman
gravida
pregnant state, or total # of pregnancies a woman has had, including current
gravidity
blood in peritoneal cavity
hemoperitoneum
person who exhibits characteristics of both sexes
hermaphrodite
development of various degrees of hair growth of male type and distribution in women
hirsutism
estrogen and progestin replacement therapy
hormone replacement therapy
vasomotor sx characterized by transient hot sensations
hot flashes
pathological condition of pregnancy characterized by hydropic degeneration
of chorionic villi and variable degrees of trophoblastic proliferation
hydatidiform mole
excessive amounts (2+ L) of amniotic fluid at term
hydramnios
abnorm prolif. of endometrium with marked increase in number of glands
hyperplasia, endometrial
condition of subnorm estrogen prod. with resultant atrophy or failure of development of estrogen depend. tissues
hypoestrogenism
deficiency (usually
hypofibrinogenemia
subnormal production of hormones by the gonads
hypogonadism
removal of uterine corpus and cervix thru incision made in abdominal wall
abdominal hysterectomy
removal of uterine corpus, cervix, and parametrium, with dissection of ureters; usually combined with pelvic lymphadenopathy
radical hysterectomy
combination of laparoscopy with vaginal surgery techniques to remove the uterus and frequently the adnexae
laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy
removal of the uterine corpus, leaving the cervix in situ
subtotal (supracervical) hysterectomy
removal of uterine corpus and cervix (w/o regards to tubes or ovaries)
total hysterectomy
removal of uterus through the vagina
vaginal hysterectomy
roentgenongraphy of the uterus and tubes after injection of radiopaque medium
hysterosalpingography
transcervical endoscopic visualization of endometrial cavity
hysteroscopy
surgical incision of the wall of uterus
hysterotomy
failure of the lumen to develop at a point where the budding vagina arises from the urogenital sinus
imperforate hymen
inability to achieve or sustain penile erection
impotence
inability to achieve pregnancy with regular intercourse and no contraception (>1 yr)
infertility
space in the placenta in which maternal blood bathes the chorionic villi, allowing exchange of materials
intervillous space
benign mammary tumor, often multiple, occurring predominantly in parous women at or shortly before menopause. (assoc. with bleeding)
intraductal papilloma
device inserted into uterine cavity for contraception
intrauterine device
fetal death @ GREATER than 500g
intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD)
small for dates baby, assoc. with placental insufficiency
intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
intro of penis into vagina
intromission
ensuring/maintaining what is considered to be just
Justice
photographic reproduction of the chromosomes of cell in metaphase
karyotype
process of expulsion of fetus from uterus
labor
labor that is initiated artificially
induced labor
labor that is initiated, usually with oxytocin
stimulated labor
polypeptide hormone that is produced by syncytiotrophoblast, is similar to prolactin and somatropin from the pituitary, and is involved in carb metabolism by mother and fetus
human placental lactogen (hPL)
transabdominal endoscopic exam of the peritoneal cavity and its contents after inducing pneumoperitoneum
laparoscopy `
benign tumor derived from smooth muscle
leiomyoma (fibroid)
uncommon malignant tumor of the smooth muscle
leiomyosarcoma
loop electrosurgical excision procedure uses thin, low-voltage electrified wire loop to cut out abnormal cervical tissue to treat surgical dysplasia
LEEP
an imprecise clinical term usually referring to white lesions of the vulva
leukoplakia
muscular sheet, consisting of iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis muscles, which forms most of the pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm) and supports the pelvic viscera
levator muscle
sexual desire or urge
libido
relationshiop of long axis of the fetus to long axis of mother. (longitudinal, transverse, or oblique)
lie
dense CT that represents union of base of broad ligament to the supravaginal portion of the cervix and laterally to sides of pelvis. primary support of uterus
cardinal ligament
peritoneal folds containing CT, autonomic nerves, involuntary muscle, arising on each side of the uterus
uterosacral ligaments
surgical or mechanical interruption of the continuity of the fallopian tubes for the purpose of permanent contraception
tubal ligation
last menstrual period
LMP
last normal menstrual period
LNMP
inflamm of the breast
mastitis
sexual stimulation by manipulation of the genitals
masturbation
ratio of parabasal to intermediate to superficial vaginal epithelial cells, which is indication of estrogen effect
maturation index
condition of fetus weighing 2.5kg or more
maturity
rupture of amniotic membranes before onset of labor
premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
onset of menses
menarche
permanent cessation of menses, caused by ovarian failure
menopause
excessive or prolonged uterine bleeding occurring at regular intervals
menorrhagia
reversible change in which one type of adult cell is replaced by another cell type. most common is columnar to squamous
metaplasia
uterine bleeding occurring at times other than expected menses
metrorrhagia
an imaginary plane that passes through the pelvis and is defined by three points: inferior margin of symphysis pubis and tips of ischial spines on either side. usually includes smallest dimensions of pelvis
midpelvis
death of the conceptus btwn greater than 500g and birth
fetal mortality
death of fetus before birth. must be more than 20 GA or 500g in weight
stillbirth
death of mom
maternal mortality
death of infant in first 28 days
neonatal mortality
death of fetus btwn 20 weeks GA and 28days after birth. The sum of stillbirths and neonatal death
perinatal mortality
presence in an individual of cells of different chromosomal constitutions
mosaicism
secretion of cervical mucous glands, its quality and quantity are influenced by progesterone and estrogen. Estrogen makes it abundant and clear and fern pattern upon drying. Progesterone makes it scant, opaque, and cellular
mucus, cervical
referring to first 28 days of life.
neonatal
evaluation of the fetus by electronic fetal heart monitoring, not in labor
nonstress test
infrequent menstruation
oligomenorrhea
climax of sexual excitement
orgasm
atrophy of bone caused by demineralization
osteoporosis
stimulation of ovulation by artificial means
ovulation, induction of
octapeptide formed in the hypothalamus and stored in posterior lobe of the pituitary.
oxytocin
cytologic smear of exfoliated cells used in early decetion of cancer
Pap smear
number of pregnancies of a particular woman in which fetus is over 20w
parity
floor or sling of pelvic structures
pelvic floor
infection of pelvic viscera, usually by ascending routes
pelvic inflammatory disease
imaginary plane passing thru the pelvis that represents the upper boundary of the true pelvis
pelvic inlet
laparoscopic surgery using multiple small incisions, specialized instruments, and techique
pelviscopic surgery
pertaining to the combination of fetal and neonatal periods
perinatal
plastic repair of the perineum
perineorrhaphy
pelvic floor and associated structures occupying the pelvic outlet
perineum
device placed in vagina or uterus to support the uterus
pessary
condition in which the placenta is located in the lower portion of the uterus and covers all or some of the interal os
placenta previa
previous menstrual period
PMP
presence of air in the peritoneal cavity
pneumoperitoneum
syndrome of secondary oligomenorrhea and infertility associated with multiple follicular cysts of ovary and failure to ovulate
polycystic ovary syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome)
cyclical uterine bleeding that is normal in amount but occurs at less than 24 days apart
polymenorrhea
relationship of a designated point on the presenting part of the fetus to the maternal pelvis (i.e. LOA)
position
bleeding from uterus, cervix, or vagina that occurs after menopause
postmenopausal bleeding
after delivery of childbirth
postpartum
pregnancy greater than 42 weeks GA
postterm pregnancy
specific HTN d/o of pregnancy with diagnosis made on HTN w/ proteinuria. usually after 20wks
preeclampsia
infant born before 37 completed weeks
prematurity
complex of sx occurring in the progestational phase of cycle
premenstrual syndrome
portion of the body of the fetus that is coming first in the birth canal
presentation
woman who is pregnant for first time
primigravida
condition in which the umbilical cord precedes the presenting part
cord prolapse
prolapse of the uterus
uterine prolapse
period betwn the beginning of the development of secondary sex characteristics and the completion of somatic growth
puberty
lack of appearance of 2nd sex characteristics by 14yo
delayed puberty
appearance of 2nd sex characteristics before 7.5yrs old
precocious puberty
period after delivery in which the repro tract returns to its normal, nonpregnant condition
puerperium
first perception of fetal movement, usually between 16-20 wks
Quickening
protrusion of rectum thru supporting structures of posterior vaginal wall
rectocele
retrograde flow of uterine/tubal contents into the abdominal cavity
reflux, tubal
method of contraception in which coitus is avoided when ovulation is likely
rhythm
acute exanthematous viral dx that may cause fetal malformation if contracted during the first trimester
rubella
surgical removal of fallopian tubes
salpingectomy
surgical removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries
salpingo-oophorectomy
application of solution of iodine to cervix.
Schiller test
physical changes that have occurred in response to endocrine changes during puberty
secondary sexual characteristics
evaluation of the components of semen
semen analysis
sexual disinterest, unresponsiveness, or aversion
sexual dysfunction
physiologic and psychologic expression of sexual behavior
sexuality
test for infertility in which cervical mucus is aspirated after coitus
Sim-Huhner test (post coital test)
vestibular glands that open into and around the urethra
skene glands
in OBGYN, a diagnostic aid in which high-frequency sound waves are used to image pelvic structures in pregnant and non pregnant parties
ultrasound
ability of cervical mucus to be drawn out into thread, characteristically greater in preovulatory and ovulatory phases of cycle
Spinnbarkeit
location of fetal presenting part relative to ischial spines
station
absolute inability to procreate
sterility
involuntary leakage of urine during an increase in intraabdominal pressure
stress incontinence
streaks or lines seen on the abdominal skin of pregnant woman
striae gravidarum
hypotensive sx often characterized by sweating, nausea, and tachycardia. occurs in supine position
supine hypotensive syndrome
agent or factor that produces physical defects in developing embryo
teratogen
functioning ovarian tumor composed of theca cells
thecoma
onset of development of breast
thelarche
period of three months
trimester
epithelium of chorion, including the covering of the placental villi
trophoblast
enlarged sebaceous glands of the areolae
tubercles, Montgomery
protrusion of the urethra through the supporting structure of the anterior wall
urethrocele
surgical interruption of the vas def for permanent contraceptions
vasectomy
the condition of fetus weight 500g or more, ability to live independently outside uterus
viability
development of masculine traits in a femal
virilization
uterine bleeding after the interruption of hormonal support of the endometrium
withdrawal bleeding
