Definitions

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

The basic structural and functional unit of life

Question 2

Enzymes

Answer 2

Biological catalysts that control all metabolic reactions in a cell

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

Net overall random movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

Movement of water particles through a semipermeable membrane down the concentration gradient

Question 5

Tissue

Answer 5

Specialised group of cells which work together to perform a specific function

Question 6

Carbohydrates

Answer 6

Sugars and starches made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which provide energy to cells

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

Long chains of amino acids which are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur

Question 8

Lipids

Answer 8

Molecules made of fatty acids and glycerol

Question 9

Double Circulation

Answer 9

The process which takes the blood to the lungs from the heart and is then pumped back into the rest of the body

Question 10

Artery

Answer 10

A blood vessel which has thick muscular walls and transports blood away from the heart

Question 11

Capillaries

Answer 11

Blood vessels with extremely thin walls to facilitate exchange of particles through diffusion

Question 12

Veins

Answer 12

Blood vessels which have valves and carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 13

Systole

Answer 13

When the heart’s chambers contract and force blood into of the arteries, it is called systole

Question 14

Diastole

Answer 14

When the heart’s muscles relax and the chambers fill up, it is called diastole

Question 15

Nerve

Answer 15

A bundle of neurons, or nerve cells

Question 16

Homeostasis

Answer 16

The tendency of an organism/cell to regulate it’s internal condition to stabilize or maintain a condition of equilibrium

Question 17

Osmoregulation

Answer 17

The process used by an organism/cell to maintain the balance of water and salts relative to its surroundings

Question 18

Asexual reproduction

Answer 18

A process involving only one parent organism and no gametes which forms offspring

Question 19

Gametes

Answer 19

Specialised haploid cells used to produce offspring during sexual reproduction, also called germ cells or sex cells

Question 20

Fertilisation

Answer 20

The fusion of the male and female gametes

Question 21

Photosynthesis

Answer 21

The process by which plants manufacture food, involving chlorophyll, sunlight and carbon dioxide.

Question 22

Respiration

Answer 22

The reaction of oxygen with molecules that releases energy from nutrients

Question 23

Limiting factor

Answer 23

A component of a reaction which limits the rate of reaction(e.g. light intensity, temp. for photosynthesis)

Question 24

Transpiration

Answer 24

The loss of water vapour from the leaves of a plant

Question 25

Tropism

Answer 25

A directional response to environmental stimuli

Question 26

Phototropism

Answer 26

Responses of plants caused by light(e.g. a plant growing towards the light

Question 27

Geotropism

Answer 27

Responses of plants caused by gravity

Question 28

Positive/Negative tropisms

Answer 28

Positive-Towards the source | Negative-Away from the source

Question 29

Hydrotropism

Answer 29

Responses of plants caused by the presence of water

Question 30

Ecosystem

Answer 30

An ecosystem consists of several organisms who interact with each other through feeding relationships

Question 31

Eutrophication

Answer 31

A process in which minerals from fertilizers enter water bodies and encourage growth of algae, which prevent aquatic organisms from acquiring the adequate amount of oxygen.

Question 32

Mutagens

Answer 32

Chemicals which encourage mutations in organism

Question 33

Phenotype

Answer 33

The physical characteristics of an organism with respect to a pair of alleles

Question 34

Genotype

Answer 34

The alleles possessed by an organism which code for its characteristics

Question 35

Codominance

Answer 35

It occurs when neither allele is dominant and both contribute to the appearance of the offspring(e.g. a half-white, half-black flower

Question 36

Mutation

Answer 36

A random change in the genetic material which can be passed down to offspring

Question 37

Selective breeding

Answer 37

The process through which organisms are made to breed together to provide the offspring with desirable characteristics

Question 38

Biotechnology

Answer 38

The use of microorganisms to create useful chemicals/products or perform an industrial task

Question 39

Gene

Answer 39

A section of DNA which codes for a attribute/characteristic

Question 40

Allele

Answer 40

A version of a gene

Question 41

Recombinant DNA

Answer 41

Combined DNA from two organisms resulting from genetic modification