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Biology > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cells

A

The basic structural and functional unit of life

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2
Q

Enzymes

A

Biological catalysts that control all metabolic reactions in a cell

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3
Q

Diffusion

A

Net overall random movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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4
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water particles through a semipermeable membrane down the concentration gradient

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5
Q

Tissue

A

Specialised group of cells which work together to perform a specific function

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6
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars and starches made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which provide energy to cells

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7
Q

Proteins

A

Long chains of amino acids which are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur

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8
Q

Lipids

A

Molecules made of fatty acids and glycerol

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9
Q

Double Circulation

A

The process which takes the blood to the lungs from the heart and is then pumped back into the rest of the body

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10
Q

Artery

A

A blood vessel which has thick muscular walls and transports blood away from the heart

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11
Q

Capillaries

A

Blood vessels with extremely thin walls to facilitate exchange of particles through diffusion

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12
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels which have valves and carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

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13
Q

Systole

A

When the heart’s chambers contract and force blood into of the arteries, it is called systole

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14
Q

Diastole

A

When the heart’s muscles relax and the chambers fill up, it is called diastole

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15
Q

Nerve

A

A bundle of neurons, or nerve cells

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16
Q

Homeostasis

A

The tendency of an organism/cell to regulate it’s internal condition to stabilize or maintain a condition of equilibrium

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17
Q

Osmoregulation

A

The process used by an organism/cell to maintain the balance of water and salts relative to its surroundings

18
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

A process involving only one parent organism and no gametes which forms offspring

19
Q

Gametes

A

Specialised haploid cells used to produce offspring during sexual reproduction, also called germ cells or sex cells

20
Q

Fertilisation

A

The fusion of the male and female gametes

21
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants manufacture food, involving chlorophyll, sunlight and carbon dioxide.

22
Q

Respiration

A

The reaction of oxygen with molecules that releases energy from nutrients

23
Q

Limiting factor

A

A component of a reaction which limits the rate of reaction(e.g. light intensity, temp. for photosynthesis)

24
Q

Transpiration

A

The loss of water vapour from the leaves of a plant

25
Q

Tropism

A

A directional response to environmental stimuli

26
Q

Phototropism

A

Responses of plants caused by light(e.g. a plant growing towards the light

27
Q

Geotropism

A

Responses of plants caused by gravity

28
Q

Positive/Negative tropisms

A

Positive-Towards the source

Negative-Away from the source

29
Q

Hydrotropism

A

Responses of plants caused by the presence of water

30
Q

Ecosystem

A

An ecosystem consists of several organisms who interact with each other through feeding relationships

31
Q

Eutrophication

A

A process in which minerals from fertilizers enter water bodies and encourage growth of algae, which prevent aquatic organisms from acquiring the adequate amount of oxygen.

32
Q

Mutagens

A

Chemicals which encourage mutations in organism

33
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical characteristics of an organism with respect to a pair of alleles

34
Q

Genotype

A

The alleles possessed by an organism which code for its characteristics

35
Q

Codominance

A

It occurs when neither allele is dominant and both contribute to the appearance of the offspring(e.g. a half-white, half-black flower

36
Q

Mutation

A

A random change in the genetic material which can be passed down to offspring

37
Q

Selective breeding

A

The process through which organisms are made to breed together to provide the offspring with desirable characteristics

38
Q

Biotechnology

A

The use of microorganisms to create useful chemicals/products or perform an industrial task

39
Q

Gene

A

A section of DNA which codes for a attribute/characteristic

40
Q

Allele

A

A version of a gene

41
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

Combined DNA from two organisms resulting from genetic modification

Biology (3 decks)

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