Definitions

Question 0

Example of eyewitness testimony

Answer 0

To give a description of a road accident they have seen

Question 1

Eyewitness testimony

Answer 1

A legal term that refers to an account given by people of an event they have witnessed. It provides police with a statement, identification of the perpetrators and details of the crimes scene.

Question 2

Crime

Answer 2

A crime is a deviant behaviour which is against written criminal law and violates social norms, moral values, religious beliefs or legal boundaries. The types of activity that would be considered criminal are constructed by society.

Question 3

Example of crime

Answer 3

The children’s act 2004 which made hitting a child an offence similar to assault

Question 4

Anti-social behaviour

Answer 4

Antisocial behaviour is not an actually crime but has a negative effect on people in society and could potentially become a crime at some stage. It can cause alarm, harassment or distress to the public. It can be tackled with ASBOs which is a civil order and will not show up on any criminal record

Question 5

Example of anti-social behaviour

Answer 5

Excessive noise, abusive language and drunken behaviour

Question 6

Recidivism

Answer 6

Recidivism is repeat offending and makes reference to an offender who repeats a crime or behavior they have already been punished for or received treatment for. It means returning to a behavior that should have been extinguished.

Question 7

Example of recidivism

Answer 7

An offender is released from jail after thievery but repeats the crime once released.

Question 8

Modelling

Answer 8

Modelling is a way of learning by imitating the behaviour of others. One will pay attention to those around them or the media modelling criminal behaviour, and if motivated they will imitate this behaviour

Question 9

Example of Modelling

Answer 9

in Baduras study, the children imitated aggressive behaviour that was modelled by adults and then vicariously reinforced.

Question 10

Stereotypes

Answer 10

Stereotypes are standardised and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions. There is a tendency to generalise an individuals characteristics onto all members of the group they came from.

Question 11

Example of Stereotypes

Answer 11

Someone who wears a hoody may be stereotyped as someone who challenged authority and causes trouble.

Question 12

Token Economy programme

Answer 12

These are forms of behaviour modification programmes based on the principles of operant conditioning, specifically reinforcement. Involves rewarding a specific behavior in order to encourage it through positive reinforcement.

Question 13

Example of token economy programmed

Answer 13

Can be used in a prison setting to promote and encourage pro-social behaviour by awarding tokens for desired behaviour, which can then be used to exchange for rewards.