Definitions 3 (and PDs) Flashcards
Ideas of reference vs. delusion of reference
- A condition causing ideas of reference
Misinterpretation of events in the outside world as having direct personal reference to the patient (in delusion of reference, this has an effect on the patient’s behaviour)
- Schizotypal PD
Delusion of control
- AKA…?
External forces/agent controlling actions
passivity phenomena
Erotomanic delusions
- Example in modern history?
Belief that a person (usually of higher status and unattainable) is in love with the patient
- John Hinckley Jr
Grandiose delusions
Inflated sense of self-worth, power or wealth
Somatic delusion
Patient has a physical defect
Persecutory delusion
Others are trying to cause them harm
Insight
- give the 3 stages
Awareness of one’s own illness or situation:
- awareness of abnormal experience
- result of a disease process
- open to intervention
Thought form/process
- Example in psychotic depression
- Example in manic episode
Thought process in the MSE refers to the quantity, tempo (rate of flow) and form (or logical coherence) of thought
- psychotic depression: slow, latency, poverty of speech
- manic: flight of ideas, loosening associations, tangentiality, circumstantiality
Formal thought disorder
- What is it?
- How is it diagnosed?
- Give 4 examples
Refers to disorganized thinking as evidenced by disorganized speech.
- Specific thought disorders include derailment, poverty of speech, tangentiality, illogicality, perseveration, and thought blocking.
The 5 Ps of formulation
Predisposing, precipitating, presenting, perpetuating and protective factors
Personality disorder 3 criteria (what, effect, onset)
- A severe disturbance in the character and behavioural tendencies of the individual, usually involving several areas of the personality
- Associated with considerable personal and social disruption
- Onset in adolescence or early adulthood
Give the 4 defining features of personality disorders
ICE-T
Interpersonal difficulties.
Control of impulses poor
Emotional responses problematic
Thinking patterns distorted
Schizoid PD
- Remains of the day
Characterised by withdrawal from affectional, social and other contacts. This type of person is isolated and has a limited capacity to experience pleasure and express feelings.
Paranoid PD
- Conspiracy theory
Pervasive distrust and suspicion
Schizotypal PD
- Taxi driver
They may be eccentric and have odd beliefs, for instance, they may believe they can read other people’s thoughts, or that that their own thoughts have been stolen from their heads.
These odd or superstitious beliefs and fantasies are inconsistent with cultural norms
Borderline (UEPD)
Impulsive and unpredictable.
- They may act without appreciating the consequences. Outbursts of emotion and quarrelsome behaviour may be exhibited. Relationships tend to be unstable and there may be suicidal gestures and attempts.
Histrionic PD
- Regina George (drama queens)
shallow and labile affectivity and theatricality. There is lack of consideration for others and a tendency for egocentricity. People with this type of personality often crave excitement and attention.
Anankastic PD
- Medical student/ OCD
characterised by feelings of doubt, perfectionism and excessive conscientiousness. There is a compulsion to check and a preoccupation with details. This personality type tends to be stubborn, cautious and rigid. Insistent and unwelcome thoughts may intrude or impulses that do not attain the severity of an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Anxious/avoidant PD
characterised by feelings of tension and apprehension, insecurity and inferiority. People with this type yearn to be liked and accepted, are sensitive to rejection. There is a tendency to exaggerate potential dangers and risks, leading to an avoidance of everyday activities
Dependent PD
characterised by a reliance on others to take decisions and a fear of abandonment. There is an excessive reliance on authority figures and difficulty in acting independently. This can affect the capacity to deal with the intellectual and emotional demands of daily life
Antisocial PD
- 2 varieties
- Features in people < 18 years - diagnosis?
a tendency to act outside social norms, a disregard for the feelings of others and an inability to modify behaviour in response to adverse events (e.g., punishment). A low threshold for violence and a tendency to blame others may be features
If under 18 years - conduct disorder
Narcissistic PD (Trump) - Mnemonic: SPE(3)CIAL
Special (believes he or she is special and unique)
Preoccupied with fantasies (of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love)
Entitled, envious of others (or believes others are envious of them), and excess admiration required
Conceited (grandiose sense of self importance)
Interpersonal exploitation
Arrogant
Lacks empathy
Give 4 key features of antisocial PD
Mnemonic: CORRUPT
Conformity to law lacking
Obligations ignored
Reckless disregard for safety of self or others
Remorse lacking
Underhanded (deceitful, lies, cons others)
Planning insufficient (impulsive)
Temper (irritable and aggressive)
Give a tool for PD diagnosis
Diagnostic Interview for Personality Disorders (DIPD)
