Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

AC generator

A

a generator that via the use of slip rings produces an alternating emf so an alternating current

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2
Q

absorption spectra

A

a spectrum of dark lines across the pattern of spectral colours produced when light passes through a gas and gas absorbs certain frequencies

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3
Q

alternating current

A

current that reverses its direction with constant frequency

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4
Q

amplitude in wave

A

maximum displacement from the mean position

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5
Q

angular momentum

A

propery that depends on angular velocity

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6
Q

antiparticle

A

a particle of antimatter with the same mass but equal and opposite charge as its corresponding particle

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7
Q

baryon

A

a particle consisting of 3 quarks

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8
Q

binding energy

A

the energy required to separate an atom into its constituent parts

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9
Q

binding energy per nucleon

A

the energy needed to remove one nucleon from a nucleus

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10
Q

capacitor discharge

A

connecting a charged resistor across a resistor and so enabling the charge to flow from one plate to another

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11
Q

centrepetal acceleration

A

the acceleration of a body moving in a circle with constant speed acting towards the centre of the circle

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12
Q

cloud chamber

A

a device used to detect a charged particle by the formation of small clouds along the trails of ions

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13
Q

conservation of momentum

A

momentum is conserved in all collisions so long as there are no external forces

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14
Q

critical damping

A

damping of an oscillating system which causes the object to return to the equilibrium position without oscillating

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15
Q

damped oscillations

A

oscillations in which kinetic energy is converted into other forms and so the amplitude of the oscillations reduces

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16
Q

de Broglie equations

A

wavelength of a particles is a ratio of Planks constant and the particles momentum

17
Q

decay constant

A

probability of decay

18
Q

diffraction

A

the spreading out of waves after passing through a gap or around an object

19
Q

doppler effect

A

change in wavelength caused by the relative motion between the wave source and an observer

20
Q

driving force

A

force applied to keep an object oscillating

21
Q

driving frequency

A

the frequency of the driving force applied to an oscillating object

22
Q

electromagnetic induction

A

the process of inducing an emf using a magnetic field and a changing flux linkage

23
Q

electromagnetic wave

A

self propagating transverse wave that does not require a medium to travel through

24
Q

electronvolt

A

the energy change when an electron moves through a potential difference of one volt

25
Q

emission spectrum

A

a pattern of colours of light emitted by specific wavelengths

26
Q

exponential decay

A

for any given time interval the ratio of final value to starting value is the same

27
Q

forced oscillation

A

when a driving force is required to keep an object oscillation

28
Q

free oscillations

A

no driving force required. oscillate at natural frequency

29
Q

geiger tube

A

detects radiation by ionisation of gas inside the tube