Definitions Flashcards
define death rate
the number of deaths per 1000 people in 1 year
define birth rate
a measure of an area’s fertility.
number of live births /1000 people in 1 year
define life expectancy
the average number of years from birth that a person can expect to live
define natural change
change in a population ( not including migration)
inter relationship between birth and death rate
if BR exceeds DR = population will increase and vice versa
define fertility rate
the average number of children
define infant mortality rate
the number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1000 live births per year.
define the demographic transition model
this model describes how a population of a country changes over time. gives changes in BR and dR and shows countries go through 5 stages of population change
define population structure
the proportion of females and males in an area, in the form of age distribution
define population density
the number of people in an area
density is obtained by dividing the total population of a country or region. by the the total area of the country or region
define over population
too many people on an area relative to the amount of resources and the level of technology (eg tractors) locally to maintain a high standard of living
Define under population
there are too few people in an area relative to the amount of resources and a given amount of technology available
so an increase in population means a more effective use if resources and increased living standards
define optimum population
a theoretical population whch, working with all the available resources, would produce the highest standard of living
define anti natal policy
policies that aim o tackle rapid population growth by reducing fertility eg one child policy
define pro natal policy
policies design
define health
a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of diseases and infirmity
define case mortality rate
the numbers of people dying from the disease divided by the number of this
define morbidity
illness and the reporting of disease
some diseases are so infectious that by law they must be reported eg plague, cholera, yellow
Define Transnational corporations
capitalist enterprise that organizes the production of goods and and service in more than one country.
they include the largest companies in the world eg GSM and many have total sales that are greater than the GNP of a small country
Define attack rate
the number of cases of a disease diagnosed in an area , divided by the total population over the period of an epidemic
define public health
the science of protecting communities against disease, promote health and prolonging life. promoting hand washing or breastfeeding are examples of common measures
define mortality
the death of people, measured by a number of indices including death rate, infant mortality rate etc
define antiretroviral drugs
a drug that is used for HIV that will inhibit the production of HIV virus and slow progression, although it does not cure the disease.
side effects include nausea and vomiting
define opportunistic infection
infection caused by pathogens when a hosts immune system is weakened. people with HIV AIDS are likely to catch these
define patented medicine
an non prescription drug available to the public that is protected by the trademark of a company that owns its patent to manufacture it
define diseases of affluence
thought to be the result of increasing wealth in a society, and factors include sedentary lifestyles and intake of more high fat and sugar foods. example include coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes
define obesity
abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. BMI (weight in kg / square height in m) is used in classifying obesity. a BMI over 30 is obese
define diseases of poverty
health conditions that are prevalent among the poor . poverty itself is considered a risk factor for catching these diseases. eg diarrhea, malaria, Tb etcetera
define balanced diet
having the correct type of foodstuffs eg. proteins for growth, vitamins for resistance to infection etc as part of your diet on a daily basis
define malnutrition
on diction resulting from dietary deficiency. may be because the quantity of food (measured in calories per day) is too low bays
define famine
a lack of food dying q long p
define infectious disease
one which can be spread from person to person. methods of transmission include air Bourne (TB), faecal Bourne (cholera) via vectors (malaria) or via direct person to person (HIV)
