Definitions Flashcards
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and mass but the same number of protons
What is relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
What is relative atomic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
What is an ion?
An atom with an electric charge. Lost/gained electrons
What is an inorganic ion?
An ion that does not contain carbon. (with some exceptions)
What is meant by electronegatvity?
The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond
What are valence electrons?
The outer electrons
What is an ionic bond?
The strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
What is a polar bond?
A bond with a permanent dipole as a result of the bonded atoms in a molecule having different electronegativities
What is a polar molecule?
A molecule with an over dipole; due to having polar bonds with dipoles that do not cancel out due to their direction and molecule shape
What is a lone pair?
Electrons that aren’t involved in bonding
What is a non-polar covalent bond?
Bonding electrons shared equally between two atoms. No charges on the atoms
What is a polar covalent bond?
Bonding electrons shared unequally between two atoms. Partial charges on atoms
What is an ionic bond? ( in context of bond polarity)
The complete transfer of one or more valence electrons. Full charges on resulting ions
What is a covalent bond?
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
What is a dative covalent bond?
A covalent bond where the shared pair of electrons is donated by one of the bonded atoms only
What is a polyatomic ion?
An ion composed of two or more atoms covalent bonded together
What is an oxidising agent?
Oxidised a species by taking electrons from it. (The oxidising agent itself gets reduced)
What is a reducing agent?
Reduces a species by adding electrons to it. (The reducing agent itself gets oxidised)
What is a simple molecular lattice?
Covalent bonded molecules attracted by intermolecular forces
What is meant by disproportionation?
Oxidation and reduction of the same element during a redox reaction
