#2 Atoms, Ions And Compounds Flashcards
What are the two types of subatomic particles in the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons.
Where do electrons occupy in an atom?
Electrons occupy the region outside of the nucleus, arranged in shells.
How are the masses of subatomic particles compared?
Subatomic particles have such tiny masses that relative masses are compared.
What is the relative charge of a proton?
+
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
What is the relative charge of an electron?
-
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/1836
What is the atomic number?
Also known as the proton number.
What does every atom of the same element contain?
The same number of protons.
What distinguishes different elements?
numbers of protons.
How are elements listed in the periodic table?
In order of the number of protons, which is the same as the atomic number.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses and same number of protons
What can vary in atoms of the same element?
The number of neutrons.
What leads to different masses in isotopes?
Differing numbers of neutrons.
What is true about most elements in terms of isotopes?
Most elements are a mixture of isotopes.
What do isotopes of the same element have in common?
The same number of electrons, so they react in the same way.
How does the number of neutrons affect the reactions of an element?
The varying number of neutrons has no effect on reactions of an element.
Do physical properties of isotopes vary?
Yes, e.g., melting and boiling points.
What are ions?
Charged atoms/lost or gained electrons
What are positive ions called and how do they form?
Positive ions, or cations, have fewer electrons which gives them a positive charge.
What are negative ions called and how do they form?
Negative ions, or anions, have more electrons which gives them a negative charge.
How are ions represented?
Ions are shown with their overall relative charge.
Atomic number is the…
Proton number
How to find the number of neutrons?
Mass number-Atomic number
State how the similarities and differences of these isotopes: 54Fe, 56Fe, 57Fe, 58Fe
-Different mass numbers and number of neutrons
-Same number of protons and electrons
State the similarities and differences of these isotopes: 6Li, 7Li
-Different number of nuetrons
-Same number of protons and electrons
State the similarities and differences of the following: 18O, 18O2-
-Different number of electrons
-Same number of protons and neutrons
State the similarities and differences of the following: 39K+, 40Ca2+
-Same number of electrons and neutrons
-Different number of protons
What is relative atomic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
What does the weighted mean mass (relative atomic mass) take into account?
The percentage abundance of each isotope and the relative isotopic mass of each isotope
How to find the relative atomic mass using a mass spectrometer
(Percentage abundance x the isotope mass eg. Cl-35 or Cl-37)
________________________________________
100
-Where accurate relative isotopic masses are not provided, use the mass number for each isotope instead
Ammonium
NH4 +
Zinc
Zn 2+
Carbonate
CO3 2-
Sulfate
SO4 2-
Nitrate
NO3-
Hydroxide
OH-
Nitride
N 3-
Hydrochloric acid
HCL
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
Potassium hydroxide
KOH
Ammonia
NH3
How to find density
Mass/volume
