#5 Electrons And Bonding Flashcards
How many electrons in shell 1, 2, 3, and 4?
n1= 2
n2= 8
n3= 18
n4= 32
What is the formula to find the number of electrons in a shell?
2n²
Or do no. of orbitals x 2
How many sub shells in each shell?
Shell number. Sub shells
1. 1s
2. 2s, 2p
3. 3s, 3p, 3d
4. 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f
How many orbitals in each sub shells?
s = 1 orbital
p = 3 orbitals
d = 5 orbitals
f = 7 orbitals
What shape are S orbitals?
Sphere shaped
What shape are p orbitals?
Dumbbell shaped
What is the Aufhan principle?
-Orbitals fill in order of increasing energy
-The 4s sub shell fills before the 3d sub shell
-The 4s sub shell also empties before the 3d sub shell
What is ionic bonding?
The strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions
What structure does ionic bonding form?
Giant ionic lattice
Fill in the blank: The stronger the ionic bonding in a compound the ____.
Higher the melting point
What 2 factors affect high melting points?
-Greater ionic charge= greater attraction
-Smaller ion size= greater attraction
Which has a higher melting/boiling points? NaCl or NaBr
Answer: NaCl-small, less shells= stronger force of attraction
How many electrons can the 3s orbital hold?
2
What is the maximum amount of electrons an orbital can hold?
2
How many electrons can the 4p sub shell hold?
6
How many electrons can the 4th shell hold?
32
How many electrons can the 4d orbital hold?
2
Can most ionic compounds dissolve in a polar solvent (i.e water)
Yes
What does solubility require/ what happens when an ionic compound dissolves in a polar substance?
-The ionic lattice is broken down
-Then the water molecules attract and surround the ions
Draw water molecules surrounding a Cl- ion
Draw water molecules surrounding an Na+ ion
Can solid ionic compounds conduct electricity?
No, there are no free moving ions (NOT ELECTRONS) which can carry a charge. This is because the ions lattice isn’t broken down and therefore the ions are in a fixed position
Can molten or aqueous solutions conduct electricity?
Yes, the ions can move which carry a charge (NOT ELECTRONS). This is because the ionic lattice is broken down.
What determines how many bonds an element will make?
The group number
I.e. C is in group 4 and (8-4 = makes 4 bonds)
How to work out the number of covalent bonds?
No. Covalent bonds= 8 - group no.
What is a dative covalent bond?
When both electrons come from the same atom
What is the octet rule?
Covalent bonds form so that each atom has 8 electrons in the outer shell
What are the exceptions to the octet rule?
-Be and B- share all electrons but don’t have enough to reach 8
-P can form up to 5 bonds ( so 10 electrons in the outer shell
-H only needs 2 to fill the outer shell
-S can form up to 6 bonds (so 12 electrons in outer shell)
